整理：<cmath> (<math.h>)

资料一：

math.h头定义了各种数学函数和一个宏。这个库中所有可用的函数取double参数并返回double的结果。

库宏

只有一个在这个库中定义的宏：

S.N.	宏及说明
1	HUGE_VAL 当函数结果可能不是一个浮点数表示。正确的结果如果幅度太大，无法表示的功能设置errno为ERANGE表示一个范围错误，并且返回一个特定的值非常大宏HUGE_VAL或其否定（ - HUGE_VAL）命名。 如果结果的幅度太小，而不是一个零值，则返回。在这种情况下，将errno可能会或可能不会被设置为ERANGE。

库函数

以下是math.h的标头中定义的函数：

S.N.	函数及说明
1	double acos(double x) 返回x的反余弦弧度。
2	double asin(double x) 返回x的正弦弧线弧度。
3	double atan(double x) 返回x的反正切值，以弧度为单位。
4	double atan2(doubly y, double x) 返回y / x的以弧度为单位的反正切值，根据这两个值，以确定正确的象限上的标志。
5	double cos(double x) 返回的弧度角x的余弦值。
6	double cosh(double x) 返回x的双曲余弦。
7	double sin(double x) 返回一个弧度角x的正弦。
8	double sinh(double x) 返回x的双曲正弦。
9	double tanh(double x) 返回x的双曲正切。
10	double exp(double x) 返回e值的第x次幂。
11	double frexp(double x, int *exponent) The returned value is the mantissa and the integer yiibaied to by exponent is the exponent. The resultant value is x = mantissa * 2 ^ exponent.
12	double ldexp(double x, int exponent) Returns x multiplied by 2 raised to the power of exponent.
13	double log(double x) 返回自然对数的x（基准-E对数）。
14	double log10(double x) 返回x的常用对数（以10为底）。
15	double modf(double x, double *integer) 返回的值是小数成分（小数点后的部分），并设置整数的整数部分。
16	double pow(double x, double y) 返回x的y次方。
17	double sqrt(double x) 返回x的平方根。
18	double ceil(double x) 返回大于或等于x的最小整数值。
19	double fabs(double x) 返回x的绝对值
20	double floor(double x) 返回的最大整数值小于或等于x。
21	double fmod(double x, double y) 返回的x除以y的余数。

资料二：

<cmath> (math.h)

C numerics library

Header  <cmath> declares a set of functions to compute common mathematical operations and transformations:

Functions

Trigonometric functions

cos

Compute cosine  (function )

sin

Compute sine  (function )

tan

Compute tangent  (function )

acos

Compute arc cosine  (function )

asin

Compute arc sine  (function )

atan

Compute arc tangent  (function )

atan2

Compute arc tangent with two parameters  (function )

Hyperbolic functions

cosh

Compute hyperbolic cosine  (function )

sinh

Compute hyperbolic sine  (function )

tanh

Compute hyperbolic tangent  (function )

acosh 

Compute area hyperbolic cosine  (function )

asinh 

Compute area hyperbolic sine  (function )

atanh 

Compute area hyperbolic tangent  (function )

Exponential and logarithmic functions

exp

Compute exponential function  (function )

frexp

Get significand and exponent  (function )

ldexp

Generate value from significand and exponent  (function )

log

Compute natural logarithm  (function )

log10

Compute common logarithm  (function )

modf

Break into fractional and integral parts  (function )

exp2 

Compute binary exponential function  (function )

expm1 

Compute exponential minus one  (function )

ilogb 

Integer binary logarithm  (function )

log1p 

Compute logarithm plus one  (function )

log2 

Compute binary logarithm  (function )

logb 

Compute floating-point base logarithm  (function )

scalbn 

Scale significand using floating-point base exponent  (function )

scalbln 

Scale significand using floating-point base exponent (long)  (function )

Power functions

pow

Raise to power  (function )

sqrt

Compute square root  (function )

cbrt 

Compute cubic root  (function )

hypot 

Compute hypotenuse  (function )

Error and gamma functions

erf 

Compute error function  (function )

erfc 

Compute complementary error function  (function )

tgamma 

Compute gamma function  (function )

lgamma 

Compute log-gamma function  (function )

Rounding and remainder functions

ceil

Round up value  (function )

floor

Round down value  (function )

fmod

Compute remainder of division  (function )

trunc 

Truncate value  (function )

round 

Round to nearest  (function )

lround 

Round to nearest and cast to long integer  (function )

llround 

Round to nearest and cast to long long integer  (function )

rint 

Round to integral value  (function )

lrint 

Round and cast to long integer  (function )

llrint 

Round and cast to long long integer  (function )

nearbyint 

Round to nearby integral value  (function )

remainder 

Compute remainder (IEC 60559)  (function )

remquo 

Compute remainder and quotient  (function )

Floating-point manipulation functions

copysign 

Copy sign  (function )

nan 

Generate quiet NaN  (function )

nextafter 

Next representable value  (function )

nexttoward 

Next representable value toward precise value  (function )

Minimum, maximum, difference functions

fdim 

Positive difference  (function )

fmax 

Maximum value  (function )

fmin 

Minimum value  (function )

Other functions

fabs

Compute absolute value  (function )

abs

Compute absolute value  (function )

fma 

Multiply-add  (function )

Macros / Functions

These are implemented as macros in C and as functions in C++:

Classification macro / functions

fpclassify 

Classify floating-point value  (macro/function )

isfinite 

Is finite value  (macro )

isinf 

Is infinity  (macro/function )

isnan 

Is Not-A-Number  (macro/function )

isnormal 

Is normal  (macro/function )

signbit 

Sign bit  (macro/function )

Comparison macro / functions

isgreater 

Is greater  (macro )

isgreaterequal 

Is greater or equal  (macro )

isless 

Is less  (macro )

islessequal 

Is less or equal  (macro )

islessgreater 

Is less or greater  (macro )

isunordered 

Is unordered  (macro )

Macro constants

math_errhandling 

Error handling  (macro )

INFINITY 

Infinity  (constant )

NAN

Not-A-Number  (constant )

HUGE_VAL

Huge value  (constant )

HUGE_VALF 

Huge float value

HUGE_VALL 

Huge long double value  (constant )

This header also defines the following macro constants (since C99/C++11):

macro	type	description
MATH_ERRNO  MATH_ERREXCEPT	int	Bitmask value with the possible values math_errhandling can take.
FP_FAST_FMA  FP_FAST_FMAF  FP_FAST_FMAL	int	Each, if defined, identifies for which type fma is at least as efficient as x*y+z.
FP_INFINITE  FP_NAN  FP_NORMAL  FP_SUBNORMAL  FP_ZERO	int	The possible values returned by fpclassify.
FP_ILOGB0  FP_ILOGBNAN	int	Special values the ilogb function may return.

Types

double_t 

Floating-point type  (type )

float_t

Floating-point type  (type )

资料三：

Standard library header <cmath>

   

This header was originally in the C standard library as <math.h>.

This header is part of the numeric library.

Macro constants

HUGE_VALFHUGE_VALHUGE_VALL (C++11)(C++11)	indicates the overflow value for float, double and long double respectively  (macro constant)
INFINITY (C++11)	evaluates to positive infinity or the value guaranteed to overflow a float  (macro constant)
NAN (C++11)	evaluates to a quiet NaN of type float  (macro constant)
math_errhandlingMATH_ERRNOMATH_ERREXCEPT (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	defines the error handling mechanism used by the common mathematical functions  (macro constant)
Classification
FP_NORMALFP_SUBNORMALFP_ZEROFP_INFINITEFP_NAN (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	indicates a floating-point category  (macro constant)

Types

float_t (C++11)	most efficient floating-point type at least as wide as float  (typedef)
double_t (C++11)	most efficient floating-point type at least as wide as double  (typedef)

Functions

Basic operations
abs(float)fabs	absolute value of a floating point value (|x|)  (function)
fmod	remainder of the floating point division operation  (function)
remainder (C++11)	signed remainder of the division operation  (function)
remquo (C++11)	signed remainder as well as the three last bits of the division operation  (function)
fma (C++11)	fused multiply-add operation  (function)
fmax (C++11)	larger of two floating point values  (function)
fmin (C++11)	smaller of two floating point values  (function)
fdim (C++11)	positive difference of two floating point values (max(0, x-y))  (function)
nannanfnanl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	not-a-number (NaN)  (function)
Exponential functions
exp	returns e raised to the given power (ex)  (function)
exp2 (C++11)	returns 2 raised to the given power (2x)  (function)
expm1 (C++11)	returns e raised to the given power, minus one (ex-1)  (function)
log	computes natural (base e) logarithm (to base e) (ln(x))  (function)
log10	computes common (base 10) logarithm (log10(x))  (function)
log2 (C++11)	base 2 logarithm of the given number (log2(x))  (function)
log1p (C++11)	natural logarithm (to base e) of 1 plus the given number (ln(1+x))  (function)
Power functions
pow	raises a number to the given power (xy)  (function)
sqrt	computes square root (√x)  (function)
cbrt (C++11)	computes cubic root (3√x)  (function)
hypot (C++11)	computes square root of the sum of the squares of two given numbers (√x2 +y2 )  (function)
Trigonometric functions
sin	computes sine (sin(x))  (function)
cos	computes cosine (cos(x))  (function)
tan	computes tangent (tan(x))  (function)
asin	computes arc sine (arcsin(x))  (function)
acos	computes arc cosine (arccos(x))  (function)
atan	computes arc tangent (arctan(x))  (function)
atan2	arc tangent, using signs to determine quadrants  (function)
Hyperbolic functions
sinh	computes hyperbolic sine (sh(x))  (function)
cosh	computes hyperbolic cosine (ch(x))  (function)
tanh	hyperbolic tangent  (function)
asinh (C++11)	computes the inverse hyperbolic sine (arsinh(x))  (function)
acosh (C++11)	computes the inverse hyperbolic cosine (arcosh(x))  (function)
atanh (C++11)	computes the inverse hyperbolic tangent (artanh(x))  (function)
Error and gamma functions
erf (C++11)	error function  (function)
erfc (C++11)	complementary error function  (function)
tgamma (C++11)	gamma function  (function)
lgamma (C++11)	natural logarithm of the gamma function  (function)
Nearest integer floating point operations
ceil	nearest integer not less than the given value  (function)
floor	nearest integer not greater than the given value  (function)
trunc (C++11)	nearest integer not greater in magnitude than the given value  (function)
roundlroundllround (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	nearest integer, rounding away from zero in halfway cases  (function)
nearbyint (C++11)	nearest integer using current rounding mode  (function)
rintlrintllrint (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	nearest integer using current rounding mode with  exception if the result differs  (function)
Floating point manipulation functions
frexp	decomposes a number into significand and a power of 2  (function)
ldexp	multiplies a number by 2 raised to a power  (function)
modf	decomposes a number into integer and fractional parts  (function)
scalbnscalbln (C++11)(C++11)	multiplies a number by FLT_RADIX raised to a power  (function)
ilogb (C++11)	extracts exponent of the number  (function)
logb (C++11)	extracts exponent of the number  (function)
nextafternexttoward (C++11)(C++11)	next representable floating point value towards the given value  (function)
copysign (C++11)	copies the sign of a floating point value  (function)
Classification and comparison
fpclassify (C++11)	categorizes the given floating point value  (function)
isfinite (C++11)	checks if the given number has finite value  (function)
isinf (C++11)	checks if the given number is infinite  (function)
isnan (C++11)	checks if the given number is NaN  (function)
isnormal (C++11)	checks if the given number is normal  (function)
signbit (C++11)	checks if the given number is negative  (function)
isgreater (C++11)	checks if the first floating-point argument is greater than the second  (function)
isgreaterequal (C++11)	checks if the first floating-point argument is greater or equal than the second  (function)
isless (C++11)	checks if the first floating-point argument is less than the second  (function)
islessequal (C++11)	checks if the first floating-point argument is less or equal than the second  (function)
islessgreater (C++11)	checks if the first floating-point argument is less or greater than the second  (function)
isunordered (C++11)	checks if two floating-point values are unordered  (function)