Linux企业实战之容器(十七)——Kubernetes(6)

Ingress

  • 一种全局的、为了代理不同后端 Service 而设置的负载均衡服务,就是 Kubernetes 里的Ingress 服务;
  • Ingress由两部分组成:Ingress controller和Ingress服务;
  • Ingress Controller 会根据你定义的 Ingress 对象,提供对应的代理能力。业界常用的各种反向代理项目,比如 Nginx、HAProxy、Envoy、Traefik 等,都已经为Kubernetes 专门维护了对应的 Ingress Controller

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(1)Ingress Controller

  • 部署ingress-controller

步骤一:拉取镜像,下载资源清单文件

docker pull  quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0

在server1上下载资源清单文件:
wget  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/mandatory.yaml

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步骤二:利用下载好的资源清单文件来创建pod,和namespace

kubectl apply -f mandatory.yaml
kubectl get namespace
kubectl -n ingress-nginx get pod
kubectl -n ingress-nginx logs nginx-ingress-controller-58956cf6ff-tvhv7  #查看这个pod的日志

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步骤三:部署ingress-nginx这个service

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/provider/baremetal/service-nodeport.yaml          #下载资源清单

cat service-nodeport.yaml 
kubectl apply -f service-nodeport.yaml
kubectl -n ingress-nginx get svc                     #查看创建的service
kubectl -n ingress-nginx describe svc ingress-nginx  #查看创建的service的详细信息

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步骤四:创建一个ingress服务,让其来调度我们之前创建的pod

vim ingress.yaml

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-demo
spec:
  backend:
    serviceName: myservice
    servicePort: 80


kubectl apply -f ingress.yaml
kubectl get ingress

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步骤五:通过pod的IP加我们的ingress-nginx的port来访问,我们之前创建的pod

kubectl get pod -o wide
kubectl -n ingress-nginx get svc

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步骤六:修改资源清单文件,让外部可以通过域名来访问pod

vim ingress.yaml

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-demo
spec:
  backend:
    serviceName: myservice
    servicePort: 80
  rules:
  - host: www1.westos.org
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: myservice
          servicePort: 80


kubectl apply -f ingress.yaml

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步骤七:在外部主机上添加解析,然后通过域名加端口的方式来访问pod

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vim /etc/hosts

192.168.43.102     www1.westos.org

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步骤八:在创建一个通过域名来访问的pod,也是被我们的ingress服务来调度,给其编辑一个新的域名,这样我们就可以访问不同的域名来访问不同的pod

vim ingress1.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: myapp-deployment
  labels:
    app: myapp
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: myapp
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: myapp
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: myapp
        image: reg.westos.org:5000/myapp:v2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80


---


kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: mynginx
spec:
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app:  myapp


---


apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-example
spec:
  rules:
  - host: www2.westos.org
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: mynginx
          servicePort: 80


kubectl apply -f ingress1.yaml
kubectl get ingress

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步骤九:在外部主机上添加解析,然后通过域名加端口的方式来访问pod

vim /etc/hosts

192.168.43.102     www2.westos.org

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也可以通过curl命令来进行访问,这里我们可以看到,通过同一个ingress控制器,来调度两个不同service下的pod,且通过外部主机做解析后,我们可以域名来进行访问不同的pod

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步骤十:也可以通过同一域名不同路径的方法,来访问不同的service下的pod

vim ingress2.yaml

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: simple-fanout-example
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
spec:
  rules:
  - host: www3.westos.org
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /v1
        backend:
          serviceName: myservice
          servicePort: 80
      - path: /v2
        backend:
          serviceName: mynginx
          servicePort: 80

kubectl apply -f ingress2.yaml
kubectl describ ingress simple-fanout-example

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步骤十一:在外部主机上添加解析,然后通过域名加端口再加路径的方式来访问pod

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(2)DaemonSet结合nodeselector来部署ingress-controller到特定的node

  • 用DaemonSet结合nodeselector来部署ingress-controller到特定的node上,然后使用HostNetwork直接把该pod与宿主机node的网络打通,直接使用宿主机的80/433端口就能访问服务。

    • 优点是整个请求链路最简单,性能相对NodePort模式更好。
    • 缺点是由于直接利用宿主机节点的网络和端口,一个node只能部署一个ingress-controller pod。
    • 比较适合大并发的生产环境使用。

步骤一:修改mandatory.yaml 文件,将service的类型修改为daemonset,添加HostName网络模式

kubectl get nodes --show-labels              #查看各个node的标签
kubectl label nodes server2 ingress=nginx    #设置ingress controller节点的标签
vim mandatory.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: nginx-configuration
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: tcp-services
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: udp-services
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - endpoints
      - nodes
      - pods
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - events
    verbs:
      - create
      - patch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
      - "networking.k8s.io"
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
      - "networking.k8s.io"
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-role
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - pods
      - secrets
      - namespaces
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    resourceNames:
      # Defaults to "<election-id>-<ingress-class>"
      # Here: "<ingress-controller-leader>-<nginx>"
      # This has to be adapted if you change either parameter
      # when launching the nginx-ingress-controller.
      - "ingress-controller-leader-nginx"
    verbs:
      - get
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    verbs:
      - create
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - endpoints
    verbs:
      - get

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: nginx-ingress-role
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
    namespace: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
    namespace: ingress-nginx

---

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet                           #修改service的类型为DaemonSet              
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
  #replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/port: "10254"
        prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
    spec:
      hostNetwork: true                                        #添加网络模式
      # wait up to five minutes for the drain of connections
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
      serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
      nodeSelector:
        ingress: nginx                                        #修改标签
      containers:
        - name: nginx-ingress-controller
          image: reg.westos.org:5000/nginx-ingress-controller
          args:
            - /nginx-ingress-controller
            - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration
            - --tcp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/tcp-services
            - --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services
            - --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx
            - --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
            capabilities:
              drop:
                - ALL
              add:
                - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            # www-data -> 101
            runAsUser: 101
          env:
            - name: POD_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.name
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 80
              protocol: TCP
            - name: https
              containerPort: 443
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 10
          readinessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 10
          lifecycle:
            preStop:
              exec:
                command:
                  - /wait-shutdown

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: LimitRange
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
  limits:
  - min:
      memory: 90Mi
      cpu: 100m
    type: Container

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kubectl -n ingress-nginx  get deployments.apps    
kubectl -n ingress-nginx  delete deployments.apps nginx-ingress-controller    #删除之前创建的pod
kubectl apply -f mandatory.yaml  
kubectl -n ingress-nginx  get daemonsets.apps                               
kubectl -n ingress-nginx  get pod

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步骤二:在server2上查看端口的情况

netstat   -antlp
netstat   -antlp | grep 80
netstat   -antlp | grep 443

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步骤三:测试:直接通过域名的方式来访问pod,不用添加端口

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(3)ingress TLS配置

步骤一:创建证书,并将其保存到secret中

 mkdir ingress
 mkdir certs
 cd    certs
openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout tls.key -out tls.crt -subj "/CN=nginxsvc/O=nginxsvc"
kubectl create secret tls tls-secret --key tls.key --cert tls.crt
kubectl get secrets
kubectl describe secrets tls-secret

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步骤二:编辑ingress.yaml文件,让其生成pod时,对应的域名添加TLS加密

vim ingress.yaml

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-demo
spec:
  tls:
    - hosts:
      - www1.westos.org
      secretName: tls-secret  
  rules:
  - host: www1.westos.org
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: myservice
          servicePort: 80

kubectl apply -f ingress.yaml
kubectl describe ingress ingress-demo

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步骤三:从集群外部访问加密的pod

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步骤四:添加认证

sudo yum install httpd-tools -y                                    #安装认证工具
htpasswd -c auth bdkl                                              #创建认证文件
cat   auth                                                         #查看创建好的认证文件内容
kubectl create secret generic basic-auth --from-file=auth          #将auth忍着认证人间添加到secret中
kubectl describe secrets basic-auth 

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  • 在ingress.yaml文件中添加认证的内容
vim   ingress.yaml

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-demo
  annotations:
    # type of authentication
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type: basic
    # name of the secret that contains the user/password definitions
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-secret: basic-auth
    # message to display with an appropriate context why the authentication is required
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-realm: 'Authentication Required - bdkl'
spec:
  tls:
    - hosts:
      - www1.westos.org
      secretName: tls-secret  
  rules:
  - host: www1.westos.org
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: myservice
          servicePort: 80


kubectl apply -f ingress.yaml
kubectl describe ingress ingress-demo

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  • 测试,在浏览器中访问www1.westos.org
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(4)Rewrite

  • annotations参数

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  • 将www1.westos.org的访问界面重定向为 www1.westos.org/hostname.html

步骤一:删除之前创建的ingress-demo,然后编辑资源清单文件先不添加重写规则,查看一下访问www1.westos.org的效果

kubectl delete -f ingress.yaml

vim ingress2.yaml

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: rewrite-example
  #annotations: 
   # nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/app-root: /hostname.html
spec:
  rules:
  - host: www1.westos.org
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: myservice
          servicePort: 80

kubectl apply -f ingress2.yaml   

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  • 在集群外部的主机浏览器中访问www1.westos.org

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步骤二:编辑资源清单文件ingress2.yaml 使重写规则生效

vim ingress2.yaml

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: rewrite-example
  annotations: 
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/app-root: /hostname.html
spec:
  rules:
  - host: www1.westos.org
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: myservice
          servicePort: 80

kubectl apply -f ingress2.yaml  

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  • 再次进行测试,在浏览器中访问www1.westos.org
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  • 同样也可以通过curl命令来进行访问

curl www1.westos.org
curl www1.westos.org   -L           #支持重定向访问
curl -v www1.westos.org -L          #查看访问的过程,并且支持重定向

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