基于 MindSpore 实现 BERT 对话情绪识别-昇思25天打卡

环境配置

%%capture captured_output
# 实验环境已经预装了mindspore==2.2.14，如需更换mindspore版本，可更改下面mindspore的版本号
!pip uninstall mindspore -y
!pip install -i https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple mindspore==2.2.14

# 该案例在 mindnlp 0.3.1 版本完成适配，如果发现案例跑不通，可以指定mindnlp版本，执行`!pip install mindnlp==0.3.1`
!pip install mindnlp==0.3.1

Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
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[1m[[0m[34;49mnotice[0m[1;39;49m][0m[39;49m A new release of pip is available: [0m[31;49m24.1[0m[39;49m -> [0m[32;49m24.1.2[0m
[1m[[0m[34;49mnotice[0m[1;39;49m][0m[39;49m To update, run: [0m[32;49mpython -m pip install --upgrade pip[0m

!pip show mindspore

Name: mindspore
Version: 2.2.14
Summary: MindSpore is a new open source deep learning training/inference framework that could be used for mobile, edge and cloud scenarios.
Home-page: https://www.mindspore.cn
Author: The MindSpore Authors
Author-email: contact@mindspore.cn
License: Apache 2.0
Location: /home/nginx/miniconda/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.9/site-packages
Requires: asttokens, astunparse, numpy, packaging, pillow, protobuf, psutil, scipy
Required-by: mindnlp

基于 MindSpore 实现 BERT 对话情绪识别

模型简介

BERT全称是来自变换器的双向编码器表征量（Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers），它是Google于2018年末开发并发布的一种新型语言模型。与BERT模型相似的预训练语言模型例如问答、命名实体识别、自然语言推理、文本分类等在许多自然语言处理任务中发挥着重要作用。模型是基于Transformer中的Encoder并加上双向的结构，因此一定要熟练掌握Transformer的Encoder的结构。

BERT模型的主要创新点都在pre-train方法上，即用了Masked Language Model和Next Sentence Prediction两种方法分别捕捉词语和句子级别的representation。

在用Masked Language Model方法训练BERT的时候，随机把语料库中15%的单词做Mask操作。对于这15%的单词做Mask操作分为三种情况：80%的单词直接用[Mask]替换、10%的单词直接替换成另一个新的单词、10%的单词保持不变。

因为涉及到Question Answering (QA) 和 Natural Language Inference (NLI)之类的任务，增加了Next Sentence Prediction预训练任务，目的是让模型理解两个句子之间的联系。与Masked Language Model任务相比，Next Sentence Prediction更简单些，训练的输入是句子A和B，B有一半的几率是A的下一句，输入这两个句子，BERT模型预测B是不是A的下一句。

BERT预训练之后，会保存它的Embedding table和12层Transformer权重（BERT-BASE）或24层Transformer权重（BERT-LARGE）。使用预训练好的BERT模型可以对下游任务进行Fine-tuning，比如：文本分类、相似度判断、阅读理解等。

对话情绪识别（Emotion Detection，简称EmoTect），专注于识别智能对话场景中用户的情绪，针对智能对话场景中的用户文本，自动判断该文本的情绪类别并给出相应的置信度，情绪类型分为积极、消极、中性。 对话情绪识别适用于聊天、客服等多个场景，能够帮助企业更好地把握对话质量、改善产品的用户交互体验，也能分析客服服务质量、降低人工质检成本。

下面以一个文本情感分类任务为例子来说明BERT模型的整个应用过程。

import os

import mindspore
from mindspore.dataset import text, GeneratorDataset, transforms
from mindspore import nn, context

from mindnlp._legacy.engine import Trainer, Evaluator
from mindnlp._legacy.engine.callbacks import CheckpointCallback, BestModelCallback
from mindnlp._legacy.metrics import Accuracy

Building prefix dict from the default dictionary ...
Loading model from cache /tmp/jieba.cache
Loading model cost 1.088 seconds.
Prefix dict has been built successfully.

# prepare dataset
class SentimentDataset:
    """Sentiment Dataset"""

    def __init__(self, path):
        self.path = path
        self._labels, self._text_a = [], []
        self._load()

    def _load(self):
        with open(self.path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
            dataset = f.read()
        lines = dataset.split("\n")
        for line in lines[1:-1]:
            label, text_a = line.split("\t")
            self._labels.append(int(label))
            self._text_a.append(text_a)

    def __getitem__(self, index):
        return self._labels[index], self._text_a[index]

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self._labels)

数据集

这里提供一份已标注的、经过分词预处理的机器人聊天数据集，来自于百度飞桨团队。数据由两列组成，以制表符（‘\t’）分隔，第一列是情绪分类的类别（0表示消极；1表示中性；2表示积极），第二列是以空格分词的中文文本，如下示例，文件为 utf8 编码。

label–text_a

0–谁骂人了？我从来不骂人，我骂的都不是人，你是人吗 ？

1–我有事等会儿就回来和你聊

2–我见到你很高兴谢谢你帮我

这部分主要包括数据集读取，数据格式转换，数据 Tokenize 处理和 pad 操作。

# download dataset
!wget https://baidu-nlp.bj.bcebos.com/emotion_detection-dataset-1.0.0.tar.gz -O emotion_detection.tar.gz
!tar xvf emotion_detection.tar.gz

--2024-07-24 12:42:24--  https://baidu-nlp.bj.bcebos.com/emotion_detection-dataset-1.0.0.tar.gz
Resolving baidu-nlp.bj.bcebos.com (baidu-nlp.bj.bcebos.com)... 113.200.2.111, 119.249.103.5, 2409:8c04:1001:1203:0:ff:b0bb:4f27
Connecting to baidu-nlp.bj.bcebos.com (baidu-nlp.bj.bcebos.com)|113.200.2.111|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1710581 (1.6M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘emotion_detection.tar.gz’

emotion_detection.t 100%[===================>]   1.63M  4.05MB/s    in 0.4s    

2024-07-24 12:42:25 (4.05 MB/s) - ‘emotion_detection.tar.gz’ saved [1710581/1710581]

data/
data/test.tsv
data/infer.tsv
data/dev.tsv
data/train.tsv
data/vocab.txt

数据加载和数据预处理

新建 process_dataset 函数用于数据加载和数据预处理，具体内容可见下面代码注释。

import numpy as np

def process_dataset(source, tokenizer, max_seq_len=64, batch_size=32, shuffle=True):
    is_ascend = mindspore.get_context('device_target') == 'Ascend'

    column_names = ["label", "text_a"]
    
    dataset = GeneratorDataset(source, column_names=column_names, shuffle=shuffle)
    # transforms
    type_cast_op = transforms.TypeCast(mindspore.int32)
    def tokenize_and_pad(text):
        if is_ascend:
            tokenized = tokenizer(text, padding='max_length', truncation=True, max_length=max_seq_len)
        else:
            tokenized = tokenizer(text)
        return tokenized['input_ids'], tokenized['attention_mask']
    # map dataset
    dataset = dataset.map(operations=tokenize_and_pad, input_columns="text_a", output_columns=['input_ids', 'attention_mask'])
    dataset = dataset.map(operations=[type_cast_op], input_columns="label", output_columns='labels')
    # batch dataset
    if is_ascend:
        dataset = dataset.batch(batch_size)
    else:
        dataset = dataset.padded_batch(batch_size, pad_info={'input_ids': (None, tokenizer.pad_token_id),
                                                         'attention_mask': (None, 0)})

    return dataset

昇腾NPU环境下暂不支持动态Shape，数据预处理部分采用静态Shape处理：

from mindnlp.transformers import BertTokenizer
tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-chinese')

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tokenizer.pad_token_id

0

dataset_train = process_dataset(SentimentDataset("data/train.tsv"), tokenizer)
dataset_val = process_dataset(SentimentDataset("data/dev.tsv"), tokenizer)
dataset_test = process_dataset(SentimentDataset("data/test.tsv"), tokenizer, shuffle=False)

dataset_train.get_col_names()

['input_ids', 'attention_mask', 'labels']

print(next(dataset_train.create_tuple_iterator()))

[Tensor(shape=[32, 64], dtype=Int64, value=
[[ 101,  791, 1921 ...    0,    0,    0],
 [ 101, 2769, 6206 ...    0,    0,    0],
 [ 101,  671, 6382 ...    0,    0,    0],
 ...
 [ 101, 2769, 3300 ...    0,    0,    0],
 [ 101,  872, 3300 ...    0,    0,    0],
 [ 101, 2769, 1343 ...    0,    0,    0]]), Tensor(shape=[32, 64], dtype=Int64, value=
[[1, 1, 1 ... 0, 0, 0],
 [1, 1, 1 ... 0, 0, 0],
 [1, 1, 1 ... 0, 0, 0],
 ...
 [1, 1, 1 ... 0, 0, 0],
 [1, 1, 1 ... 0, 0, 0],
 [1, 1, 1 ... 0, 0, 0]]), Tensor(shape=[32], dtype=Int32, value= [1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 
 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0])]

模型构建

通过 BertForSequenceClassification 构建用于情感分类的 BERT 模型，加载预训练权重，设置情感三分类的超参数自动构建模型。后面对模型采用自动混合精度操作，提高训练的速度，然后实例化优化器，紧接着实例化评价指标，设置模型训练的权重保存策略，最后就是构建训练器，模型开始训练。

from mindnlp.transformers import BertForSequenceClassification, BertModel
from mindnlp._legacy.amp import auto_mixed_precision

# set bert config and define parameters for training
model = BertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('bert-base-chinese', num_labels=3)
model = auto_mixed_precision(model, 'O1')

optimizer = nn.Adam(model.trainable_params(), learning_rate=2e-5)

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The following parameters in checkpoint files are not loaded:
['cls.predictions.bias', 'cls.predictions.transform.dense.bias', 'cls.predictions.transform.dense.weight', 'cls.seq_relationship.bias', 'cls.seq_relationship.weight', 'cls.predictions.transform.LayerNorm.bias', 'cls.predictions.transform.LayerNorm.weight']
The following parameters in models are missing parameter:
['classifier.weight', 'classifier.bias']

metric = Accuracy()
# define callbacks to save checkpoints
ckpoint_cb = CheckpointCallback(save_path='checkpoint', ckpt_name='bert_emotect', epochs=1, keep_checkpoint_max=2)
best_model_cb = BestModelCallback(save_path='checkpoint', ckpt_name='bert_emotect_best', auto_load=True)

trainer = Trainer(network=model, train_dataset=dataset_train,
                  eval_dataset=dataset_val, metrics=metric,
                  epochs=5, optimizer=optimizer, callbacks=[ckpoint_cb, best_model_cb])

%%time
# start training
trainer.run(tgt_columns="labels")

The train will start from the checkpoint saved in 'checkpoint'.



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Checkpoint: 'bert_emotect_epoch_0.ckpt' has been saved in epoch: 0.



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Evaluate Score: {'Accuracy': 0.9287037037037037}
---------------Best Model: 'bert_emotect_best.ckpt' has been saved in epoch: 0.---------------



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Checkpoint: 'bert_emotect_epoch_1.ckpt' has been saved in epoch: 1.



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Evaluate Score: {'Accuracy': 0.975}
---------------Best Model: 'bert_emotect_best.ckpt' has been saved in epoch: 1.---------------



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The maximum number of stored checkpoints has been reached.
Checkpoint: 'bert_emotect_epoch_2.ckpt' has been saved in epoch: 2.



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Evaluate Score: {'Accuracy': 0.9879629629629629}
---------------Best Model: 'bert_emotect_best.ckpt' has been saved in epoch: 2.---------------



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The maximum number of stored checkpoints has been reached.
Checkpoint: 'bert_emotect_epoch_3.ckpt' has been saved in epoch: 3.



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Evaluate Score: {'Accuracy': 0.9805555555555555}



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The maximum number of stored checkpoints has been reached.
Checkpoint: 'bert_emotect_epoch_4.ckpt' has been saved in epoch: 4.



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Evaluate Score: {'Accuracy': 0.9962962962962963}
---------------Best Model: 'bert_emotect_best.ckpt' has been saved in epoch: 4.---------------
Loading best model from 'checkpoint' with '['Accuracy']': [0.9962962962962963]...
---------------The model is already load the best model from 'bert_emotect_best.ckpt'.---------------
CPU times: user 23min 56s, sys: 13min 41s, total: 37min 38s
Wall time: 16min 9s

模型验证

将验证数据集加再进训练好的模型，对数据集进行验证，查看模型在验证数据上面的效果，此处的评价指标为准确率。

evaluator = Evaluator(network=model, eval_dataset=dataset_test, metrics=metric)
evaluator.run(tgt_columns="labels")

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Evaluate Score: {'Accuracy': 0.8957528957528957}

模型推理

遍历推理数据集，将结果与标签进行统一展示。

dataset_infer = SentimentDataset("data/infer.tsv")

def predict(text, label=None):
    label_map = {0: "消极", 1: "中性", 2: "积极"}

    text_tokenized = Tensor([tokenizer(text).input_ids])
    logits = model(text_tokenized)
    predict_label = logits[0].asnumpy().argmax()
    info = f"inputs: '{text}', predict: '{label_map[predict_label]}'"
    if label is not None:
        info += f" , label: '{label_map[label]}'"
    print(info)

from mindspore import Tensor

for label, text in dataset_infer:
    predict(text, label)

inputs: '我 要 客观', predict: '中性' , label: '中性'
inputs: '靠 你 真是 说 废话 吗', predict: '消极' , label: '消极'
inputs: '口嗅 会', predict: '中性' , label: '中性'
inputs: '每次 是 表妹 带 窝 飞 因为 窝路痴', predict: '中性' , label: '中性'
inputs: '别说 废话 我 问 你 个 问题', predict: '消极' , label: '消极'
inputs: '4967 是 新加坡 那 家 银行', predict: '中性' , label: '中性'
inputs: '是 我 喜欢 兔子', predict: '积极' , label: '积极'
inputs: '你 写 过 黄山 奇石 吗', predict: '中性' , label: '中性'
inputs: '一个一个 慢慢来', predict: '中性' , label: '中性'
inputs: '我 玩 过 这个 一点 都 不 好玩', predict: '消极' , label: '消极'
inputs: '网上 开发 女孩 的 QQ', predict: '中性' , label: '中性'
inputs: '背 你 猜 对 了', predict: '中性' , label: '中性'
inputs: '我 讨厌 你 ， 哼哼 哼 。 。', predict: '消极' , label: '消极'

自定义推理数据集

自己输入推理数据，展示模型的泛化能力。

predict("家人们咱就是说一整个无语住了 绝绝子叠buff")

inputs: '家人们咱就是说一整个无语住了 绝绝子叠buff', predict: '中性'

from datetime import datetime
import pytz
# 设置时区为北京时区
beijing_tz = pytz.timezone('Asia/shanghai')
# 获取当前时间，并转为北京时间
current_beijing_time = datetime.now(beijing_tz)
# 格式化时间输出
formatted_time = current_beijing_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
print("当前北京时间:",formatted_time)
print('用户名：matpandas 显似')

当前北京时间: 2024-07-24 21:03:32
用户名：matpandas 显似