wxpython：wx.html2 是好用的 WebView 组件

belldeep

已于 2023-09-24 12:06:43 修改

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分类专栏： python wxpython 文章标签： python wxpython wx.html2

于 2023-08-26 20:38:13 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/belldeep/article/details/132515716

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wxpython : wx.html2 是好用的 WebView 组件。

wx.html2 是wxPython扩展模块中封装得干净漂亮的模块之一，它被设计为允许为每个端口创建多个后端，尽管目前只有一个可用。它与wx.html.HtmlWindow 的不同之处在于，每个后端实际上都是一个完整的渲染引擎，MSW上是Trident, macOS和GTK上是Webkit。wx.html2渲染web文档，对于HTML、CSS和 Javascript都可以有很好的支持。与 CEF 相比，还是有些不足，比如对HTML5 的 audio, video 就支持不好。

pip install wxpython==4.2
wxPython-4.2.0-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (18.0 MB)
Successfully installed wxpython-4.2.0

cd \Python37\Scripts

wxdemo.exe 取得 wxPython-demo-4.2.0.tar.gz

wxdocs.exe 取得 wxPython-docs-4.2.0.tar.gz

编写 wx_html2.py 如下

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import sys
import pickle
import wx
import wx.html2 as wh2
import win32com.client  # TTS
sapi = win32com.client.Dispatch("SAPI.SpVoice")

# WebView Backends
backends = [
    (wh2.WebViewBackendEdge, 'WebViewBackendEdge'),
    (wh2.WebViewBackendIE, 'WebViewBackendIE'),
    (wh2.WebViewBackendWebKit, 'WebViewBackendWebKit'),
    (wh2.WebViewBackendDefault, 'WebViewBackendDefault'),
]

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
class TestPanel(wx.Panel):
    def __init__(self, parent, id, frame=None):

        wx.Panel.__init__(self, parent, -1)
        self.baseURL = "http://localhost:8888/"
        self.current = self.baseURL
        self.frame = frame
        if frame:
            self.titleBase = frame.GetTitle()

        sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        sizer1 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        btnSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)

        # The Internet Explorer emulation level is a persistent per-user and
        # per-application value.
        wh2.WebView.MSWSetEmulationLevel(wh2.WEBVIEWIE_EMU_IE11)

        # If you would like to reset it back to the default (no-emulation) then
        # it can be done by calling this:
        # wh2.WebView.MSWSetEmulationLevel(wh2.WEBVIEWIE_EMU_DEFAULT)

        # Find an available backend
        backend = None
        for id, name in backends:
            available = wh2.WebView.IsBackendAvailable(id)
            print("Backend 'wx.html2.{}' availability: {}\n".format(name, available))
            if available and backend is None:
                backend = id
        print("Using backend: '{}'\n".format(str(backend, 'ascii')))

        # Create the WebView
        self.wv = wh2.WebView.New(self, backend=backend)
        self.wv.EnableAccessToDevTools(True)
        # This is not implemented for the IE backend.

        self.Bind(wh2.EVT_WEBVIEW_NAVIGATING, self.OnWebViewNavigating, self.wv)
        self.Bind(wh2.EVT_WEBVIEW_LOADED, self.OnWebViewLoaded, self.wv)

        btn1 = wx.Button(self, -1, "Open", style=wx.BU_EXACTFIT)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnOpenButton, btn1)
        btnSizer.Add(btn1, 0, wx.EXPAND|wx.ALL, 2)

        btn2 = wx.Button(self, -1, "<--", style=wx.BU_EXACTFIT)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnPrevPageButton, btn2)
        btnSizer.Add(btn2, 0, wx.EXPAND|wx.ALL, 2)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_UPDATE_UI, self.OnCheckCanGoBack, btn2)

        btn3 = wx.Button(self, -1, "-->", style=wx.BU_EXACTFIT)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnNextPageButton, btn3)
        btnSizer.Add(btn3, 0, wx.EXPAND|wx.ALL, 2)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_UPDATE_UI, self.OnCheckCanGoForward, btn3)

        btn4 = wx.Button(self, -1, "Stop", style=wx.BU_EXACTFIT)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnStopButton, btn4)
        btnSizer.Add(btn4, 0, wx.EXPAND|wx.ALL, 2)

        btn5 = wx.Button(self, -1, "Refresh", style=wx.BU_EXACTFIT)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnRefreshPageButton, btn5)
        btnSizer.Add(btn5, 0, wx.EXPAND|wx.ALL, 2)

        btn6 = wx.Button(self, -1, "TTS发音", style=wx.BU_EXACTFIT)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnSapiButton, btn6)
        btnSizer.Add(btn6, 0, wx.EXPAND|wx.ALL, 2)
        # 静态文本
        txt = wx.StaticText(self, -1, "Location:")
        btnSizer.Add(txt, 0, wx.CENTER|wx.ALL, 2)
        # 组合框
        self.location = wx.ComboBox(
            self, -1, "", style=wx.CB_DROPDOWN|wx.TE_PROCESS_ENTER)
        self.location.AppendItems(['https://fanyi.baidu.com/',
                                   'https://cn.bing.com/',
                                   'https://fanyi.sogou.com/'])
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_COMBOBOX, self.OnLocationSelect, self.location)
        self.location.Bind(wx.EVT_TEXT_ENTER, self.OnLocationEnter)
        btnSizer.Add(self.location, 1, wx.EXPAND|wx.ALL, 2)
        # 文本输入框
        self.enter = wx.TextCtrl(self, -1, style=wx.TE_PROCESS_ENTER)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_TEXT_ENTER, self.OnEnter, self.enter)
        btnSizer.Add(self.enter, 1, wx.EXPAND|wx.ALL, 2)
        # 列表框
        self.listbox = wx.ListBox(self, -1, (20,20), (200,200), style=wx.LB_SINGLE)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_LISTBOX, self.OnListBox, self.listbox)
        sizer1.Add(self.listbox, 0, wx.EXPAND|wx.ALL, 2)
        sizer1.Add(self.wv, 1, wx.EXPAND|wx.ALL, 2)

        sizer.Add(btnSizer, 0, wx.EXPAND)
        sizer.Add(sizer1, 1, wx.EXPAND|wx.ALL)
        self.SetSizer(sizer)

        self.wv.LoadURL(self.current)
        
        path1 = "/mdict/your_wordls.pik"
        if os.path.exists(path1):
            with open(path1, 'rb') as f:
                self.headwords = pickle.load(f)
        else:
            print(f"{path1} not exists.")


    def ShutdownDemo(self):
        # put the frame title back
        if self.frame:
            self.frame.SetTitle(self.titleBase)


    # WebView events
    def OnWebViewNavigating(self, evt):
        # this event happens prior to trying to get a resource
        if evt.GetURL() == 'http://www.microsoft.com/':
            if wx.MessageBox("Are you sure you want to visit Microsoft?",
                             style=wx.YES_NO|wx.ICON_QUESTION) == wx.NO:
                # This is how you can cancel loading a page.
                evt.Veto()

    def OnWebViewLoaded(self, evt):
        # The full document has loaded
        self.current = evt.GetURL()
        self.location.SetValue(self.current)


    # Control bar events
    def OnLocationSelect(self, evt):
        url = self.location.GetStringSelection()
        print('OnLocationSelect: %s\n' % url)
        self.wv.LoadURL(url)

    def OnLocationEnter(self, evt):
        url = self.location.GetValue()
        self.location.Append(url)
        self.wv.LoadURL(url)

    def prefix(self, txt):
        """ 前缀匹配 """
        try:
            type(self.headwords)
        except NameError:
            print('headwords is undefined.')
            return
        if len(txt) > 2:
            self.listbox.Clear()
            alist = []
            word = txt.strip().lower() # 字母变小写
            for hw in self.headwords:
                hws = hw.decode().lower()
                if hws.startswith(word):
                    alist.append(hw.decode())
            self.listbox.InsertItems(alist, 0)
        else:
            print(f"{txt} input too short")

    def OnEnter(self, evt):
        txt = self.enter.GetValue()
        self.prefix(txt)

    def OnListBox(self, evt):
        txt = self.listbox.GetStringSelection()
        sapi.Speak(txt)
        url = self.baseURL +'trans?txt='+ txt
        self.wv.LoadURL(url)

    def OnOpenButton(self, event):
        dlg = wx.TextEntryDialog(self, "Open Location",
                                "Enter a full URL or local path",
                                "http://", wx.OK|wx.CANCEL)
        dlg.CentreOnParent()

        if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
            self.current = dlg.GetValue()
            self.wv.LoadURL(self.current)

        dlg.Destroy()

    def OnPrevPageButton(self, event):
        self.wv.GoBack()

    def OnNextPageButton(self, event):
        self.wv.GoForward()

    def OnCheckCanGoBack(self, event):
        event.Enable(self.wv.CanGoBack())

    def OnCheckCanGoForward(self, event):
        event.Enable(self.wv.CanGoForward())

    def OnStopButton(self, evt):
        self.wv.Stop()

    def OnRefreshPageButton(self, evt):
        self.wv.Reload()

    def OnSapiButton(self, evt):
        """ TTS发音 """
        txt = self.wv.GetSelectedText()
        if len(txt) >2:
            sapi.Speak(txt)
            return
        success, result = self.wv.RunScript("tts2()")
        if success:
            print(result)
            txt = str(result)
            if len(txt) >1:
                sapi.Speak(txt)
            

class MyFrame(wx.Frame):    
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(parent=None, title='wx.html2 示例', size=(1000,600))
        self.panel = TestPanel(self, id=wx.ID_ANY)
        self.Show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App(False) # False: 意味着不重定向标准输出和错误输出到窗口上
    frame = MyFrame()
    app.MainLoop()

运行 python wx_html2.py

编写 index2.html 如下

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">   
    <title>查询英汉词典</title> 
    <script src="jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<style>
/* portrait 判断为竖屏 */
@media only screen and (orientation: portrait){
     #lab1 {display:none;}
} 
/* landscape 判断为横屏 */ 
@media only screen and (orientation: landscape){
     #lab1 {display: ;} 
}    
</style>
</head>
<body>
  <form name="form" id="form" action="trans" method="POST" target="iframe">
    <label id="lab1">请输入：</label>
    <input type="text" name="txt" id='txt' size="30" placeholder="请输入 a word">
    <input type="submit" name="eng_han" value="英译汉">
    <input type="button" name="btn1" id="btn1" value="前缀查询">
    <input type="button" name="btn2" id="btn2" value="TTS读音" onclick="tts2()">
  </form>
  <p></p>
<div style="float:left; width:100%;">
  <div id="result" style="float:left; width:80%; height:400; border:2px;">
    <iframe name="iframe" id="iframe" width="100%" height="400"> </iframe>
  </div>
  <div id="alist" style="float:right; width:20%; height:400; border:2px;">
  </div>
</div>
  
 <script type="text/javascript">
  $(function(){
    $("#btn1").click(function(){
      $.getJSON("/prefix?txt="+$("#txt").val(), function(data){
        var items = [];
        $.each(data, function(i, item){
          if (i<=20){
            items[i] = '<a href="/trans?txt=' +item+ '" target="iframe">' +item+ "</a><br>";
          }
        });
        var a = items.join('\n');
        if (a) $('#alist').html(a);
      })
    })
  });

    // 屏幕双击取词
    function tts2() {
        // 获取iframe里的选择内容
        var select = window.frames['iframe'].getSelection();
        var txt = select.toString();
        if (txt.length >1) {
            return txt.trim();
        } else {
            txt = document.getElementById('txt').value;
            return txt.trim();
        }
    }

  // 页面加载添加：监听iframe网页点击事件
  $(document).ready(function(){
    var listener = window.addEventListener('blur', function(){
      if (document.activeElement === document.getElementById('iframe')){
        $('iframe').contents().find('a.fayin').click(function(event){
          event.preventDefault();
          var a = $(this);
         if (a){
          var addr = a.attr('href');
          if (addr.indexOf('sound://')==0){
            var audio = document.getElementById("sound");
            audio.src = "/data" + addr.substring(7);
            if (audio.paused) audio.play();
          } else {
            alert('href='+addr);
          }
         }
        })
      }        
    });
  });
 </script> 
</body>
</html>

参考: wxpython事件绑定方法的选择和应用

pickle 数据文件生成参见: 调用 python pickle load 数据