Windows上使用Cygwin搭建gitolite服务器

最新推荐文章于 2020-09-22 13:29:52 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2020-09-22 13:29:52 发布

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分类专栏：版本管理文章标签： cygwin gitolite windows

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/benkaoya/article/details/8884677

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我的环境

Windows XP SP3 + cygwin（1.7.18-1）+ gitolite

参考文献：

http://therightstuff.de/CommentView,guid,b969ea4d-8d2c-42af-9806-de3631f4df68.aspx

http://alone11.iteye.com/blog/1078297

安装cygwin

官网：http://www.cygwin.com/

cygwin是一个在windows平台上运行的unix模拟环境。官网上有详细的安装说明。

安装Cygwin

1.下载 setup.exe

2.打开setup.exe, 选择Install from Internet

3.选择安装Cygwin到C:\cygwin

4.选择存储下载文件的目录为C:\

5.选择下载站点的镜像

6.选择安装以下软件包：

◦Net | openssh (不要选成openssl)

◦Devel | git

◦Devel |git-completion

◦Devel | git-gui

◦Devel | gitk

◦Editors | vim

集成Cygwin和Windows Security

In preparation for the SSH serverinstallation in the next section, we need to provide Cygwin with means toimpersonate a SSH user as a Windows user with public key authentication. Youcan read more aboutintegrating with Windows Security in the Cygwin documentation.

1. 打开C:\cygwin\Cygwin.bat

2. 执行 bin/cyglsa-config

Warning: Registering the Cygwin LSA authentication package requires

administrator privileges! You also have to reboot the machine to

activate the change.

Are you sure you want to continue? (yes/no)

3. 选择yes

4. 重启Windows

搭建SSH服务器

1. 打开C:\cygwin\Cygwin.bat

2. 执行 ssh-host-config，如果提示命令找不到，那估计是你安装cygwin时没有安装openssh

$ ssh-host-config

*** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_key

*** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_rsa_key

*** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_dsa_key

*** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_ecdsa_key

*** Info: Creating default /etc/ssh_config file

*** Info: Creating default /etc/sshd_config file

*** Info: Privilege separation is set to yes by default since OpenSSH 3.3.

*** Info: However, this requires a non-privileged account called 'sshd'.

*** Info: For more info on privilege separation read /usr/share/doc/openssh/README.privsep.

*** Query: Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no)

3. 输入yes

*** Info: Updating /etc/sshd_config file

*** Query: Do you want to install sshd as a service?

*** Query: (Say "no" if it is already installed as a service) (yes/no)

4. 输入yes

*** Query: Enter the value of CYGWIN for the daemon: []

5. 直接回车

*** Info: The sshd service has been installed under the LocalSystem

*** Info: account (also known as SYSTEM). To start the service now, call

*** Info: `net start sshd' or `cygrunsrv -S sshd'. Otherwise, it

*** Info: will start automatically after the next reboot.

*** Info: Host configuration finished. Have fun!

自此SSH服务已经搭建完毕，通过cygrunsrv –L命令查看sshd服务已经运行。

Administrator@WWW-8B0A55396B4 ~

$ cygrunsrv -L

sshd

允许SSH客户端访问

创建一个名为git的用户，后续就是通过这个用户来访问版本库的。

1. 在windows控制面板中创建一个名为git的用户，设置密码，并确保密码不会过期。

2. 在Cygwin Bash中，执行命令: mkpasswd -l -u git >> /etc/passwd

口令认证登陆SSH服务器

通过口令认证登陆SSH服务器来验证下SSH服务器正常。

1. 打开Cygwin Bash

2. $ ssh git@127.0.0.1，输入windows用户git创建时指定的密码

Administrator@WWW-8B0A55396B4 ~

$ ssh git@127.0.0.1

git@127.0.0.1's password:

Could not chdir to home directory /home/git: No such file or directory

Copying skeleton files.

These files are for the users to personalise their cygwin experience.

They will never be overwritten nor automatically updated.

`./.bashrc' -> `/home/git//.bashrc'

`./.bash_profile' -> `/home/git//.bash_profile'

`./.inputrc' -> `/home/git//.inputrc'

`./.profile' -> `/home/git//.profile'

git@WWW-8B0A55396B4 ~

3. 以git用户登录成功

4. 退出登陆

git@WWW-8B0A55396B4 ~

$ exit

logout

Connection to 127.0.0.1 closed.

密钥认证登陆SSH服务器

1. 打开Cygwin Bash

2. 生成密钥对文件

Administrator@WWW-8B0A55396B4 ~

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa

Generating public/private rsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/home/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa):

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):

Enter same passphrase again:

Your identification has been saved in /home/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your public key has been saved in /home/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

The key fingerprint is:

4f:4f:ba:e6:60:b6:af:9c:6e:17:cc:47:b3:32:96:2f Administrator@WWW-8B0A55396B4

The key's randomart image is:

+--[ RSA 2048]----+

| |

| o |

| So.o.o |

| oO+o |

| +.o*. |

| +.+E.. |

| o**+. |

+-----------------+

3. ssh-copy-id git@127.0.0.1 (输入git用户密码)

即将生成的id_rsa.pub文件内容附加到服务器对应帐号git下的authorized_keys文件末尾。

Administrator@WWW-8B0A55396B4 ~

$ ssh-copy-id git@127.0.0.1

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys

git@127.0.0.1's password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'git@127.0.0.1'"

and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

4. 密钥认证登陆，不用输入密码即可登录成功

Administrator@WWW-8B0A55396B4 ~

$ ssh git@127.0.0.1

Last login: Sat May 4 17:04:19 2013 from localhost

git@WWW-8B0A55396B4 ~

安装Gitolite

官网：https://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite

1. 打开Cygwin Bash

2. 登陆git用户：ssh git@127.0.0.1，我将gitolite安装在git用户环境中。

3. git clonegit://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite.git。

再继续之前，先做些说明，安装步骤可以参考gitolite\ README.txt文件。安装gitolite之前，你需要在客户端先准备好gitolite管理员的SSH公钥文件（如我的文件是叫admin.pub），并将admin.pub文件放在/home/git目录下，安装过程中要用到。

4. mkdir -p $HOME/bin

5. gitolite/install -to $HOME/bin

6. $HOME/bin/gitolite setup -pkadmin.pub

git@WWW-8B0A55396B4 ~

$ $HOME/bin/gitolite setup -pk admin.pub

Initialized empty Git repository in /home/git/repositories/gitolite-admin.git/

Initialized empty Git repository in /home/git/repositories/testing.git/

7. 用管理员的密钥登陆下服务器，发现如下错误。

Administrator@WWW-8B0A55396B4 ~

$ ssh git@127.0.0.1 -i ~/.ssh/admin

PTY allocation request failed on channel 0

running gitolite3 v3.5.1-2-g962e465 on git 1.7.9

FIND: ▒▒▒▒▒▒ʽ▒▒▒▒ȷ

Connection to 127.0.0.1 closed.

该错误是因为cygwin sshd服务的环境变量引起的。通过以下命令重新安装sshd服务，并指定环境变量。

Administrator@WWW-8B0A55396B4 ~

$ cygrunsrv --remove sshd

Administrator@WWW-8B0A55396B4 ~

$ cygrunsrv -I sshd -d "CYGWIN sshd" -p /usr/sbin/sshd --env "PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/cygdrive/c/Windows/system32:/cygdrive/c/Windows:/cygdrive/c/Windows/System32/Wbem"

8. 再用管理员的密钥登陆就正常了

Administrator@WWW-8B0A55396B4 ~

$ ssh git@127.0.0.1 -i ~/.ssh/admin

PTY allocation request failed on channel 0

hello admin, this is git@WWW-8B0A55396B4 running gitolite3 v3.5.1-2-g962e465 on git 1.7.9

R W gitolite-admin

R W testing

Connection to 127.0.0.1 closed.

9. 设置主机别名

host gitolite

user git

hostname 127.0.0.1