Php / Python /EcmaScript6/Java 中的基础数据结构异同及最佳实践

1. 数据结构

语言 / 数据结构	PHP7	Python3	ES6	Java
备注	需安装扩展库DS支持 How to install PHP Data Structures (DS) extension on Ubuntu 16.04 | Vladimir Ivanov
数组 /列表	$a = [1,2,3]	a = [1,2,3]	a = [1,2,3]	int[] a; a = new int[]{1, 2, 3}; 或 int[] a ={1,2,3};
集合	$set = new \Ds\Set([1, 2, 3])	s = {1, 2, 3} s = set((1, 2, 3))	const s=new Set() const s=new Set([1,2,3])	Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3));
字典	$d = [     "foo" => 1,     "bar" => 2, ]	d = {'foo': 1, 'foo': 2}	const map = new Map([['foo', 1 ], [ 'foo', 2 ]])	// java9 import static java.util.Map.entry; Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(Map.ofEntries( entry("foo1", "1"), entry("bar2", "2")         )); // java8 Map<String, String> myMap = new HashMap<String, String>() {{     put("foo1", "1");     put("bar2", "2"); }};
队列	$q = new \Ds\Queue()	import  queue q = queue.Queue()	class Queue extends Array {     enqueue(val) {         this.push(val);     }     dequeue() {         return this.shift();     }     peek() {         return this[0];     }     isEmpty() {         return this.length === 0;     } }	Queue<Integer> q = new LinkedList<>();
元组		t = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

2. 语法

语法/语法	PHP7	Python3	ES6	Java
继承	class A extends B	class A(B):	class A extends B	class A extends B
构造函数	__construct()	__ init__(self)	constructor()	同类名
析构函数	__destruct()	__del__(self)	no	no
静态方法	public static m()	@staticmethod def m():	static m()	public static void m(String[] args)
静态属性	public static p1 = "p1"	>>> class MyClass: ...     i = 3 ... >>> m = MyClass() >>> m.i = 4 >>> MyClass.i, m.i >>> (3, 4)	static p1 = "p1"	static String p1 = "p1";
模板字符串	"i am {$xman}"	f"i am {xman}"	`i am ${xman}`	import java.text.MessageFormat; static String p1 = "p1"; static int i1 = 100; String p2 = MessageFormat.format("A string {0} - {1}.", p1, i1);
父类方法	parent::m()	super().m()	super.m()	super.m()
实例判断	$a instanceof Class	isinstance(a, Class)	a instanceof Class	a instanceof Class
for in 循环	foreach ($items as $item){}	for item in items:	for (let item of items) {} 或 items.forEach(x=>{do sth})	// 集合，数组 for (int var : set) {  System.out.println(var); } // 字典 map.forEach((key, value) -> System.out.println(key + " " + value));
浅合并	array_replace_recursive($d1, $d2)	{**d1, **d2}	Object.assign({}, d1, d2); 或 const r = {...d1, ...d2, ...d3};	Map<String, Employee> map1 = new HashMap<>();         Map<String, Employee> map2 = new HashMap<>();         map1.put("Henry", new Employee(1L, "Henry"));         map1.put("Annie", new Employee(22L, "Annie"));         map1.put("John", new Employee(8L, "John"));         map2.put("George", new Employee(2L, "George"));         map2.put("Henry", new Employee(3L, "Henry"));         Map<String, Employee> map3 = new HashMap<>(map1);         map2.forEach((key, value) -> map3.merge(key, value, (v1, v2) -> new Employee(v2.getId(), v2.getName())));         map3.forEach((key, value) -> System.out.println(key + " " + value.getId()));
函数动态调用用	function area( ... } $area_func_name = 'area';   // Method 1 call_user_func( $area_func_name, 4, 5 );   // Method 2 $area_func_name( 3, 5 );	def area(length: int, width: int):     print(length * width)   area_func = globals()["area"]   area_func(5, 5)
对象方法动态调用		class Rectangle:     def do_area(self):     def do_perimeter(self):     def do_diagonal(self):      ​​​​​​...       def solve_for(self, name: str):         do = f"do_{name}"         if hasattr(self, do) and callable(func := getattr(self, do)):             func()   rectangle = Rectangle(3, 5) rectangle.solve_for('area') rectangle.solve_for('perimeter') rectangle.solve_for('diagonal')

参考:

-  Stacks and Queues in JS with es6 classes and Array - DEV Community

- Dynamically calling functions in Python... Safely - Daniel Morell