最近看了看Android的自动化测试，收集了不少资料。自动化测试可理解为测试过程自动化和测试结果分析自动化。
Android下自动化测试的方法与工具有Android自带的Monkey，有第三方开发的Robotium，还有TMTS（Taobao Mobile Test Studio）框架等。下面一一介绍。
一、Monkey工具
Monkey是Android中的一个命令行工具，可以运行在模拟器里或实际设备中。它向系统发送伪随机的用户事件流(如按键输入、触摸屏输入、手势输入等)，实现对正在开发的应用程序进行压力测试。Monkey测试是一种为了测试软件的稳定性、健壮性的快速有效的方法。
The Monkey is a program that runs on your
http://developer.android.com/tools/help/monkey.html
Monkey的特征：
1、测试的对象仅为应用程序包，有一定的局限性。
2、 Monky测试使用的事件流数据流是随机的，不能进行自定义。
3、可对MonkeyTest的对象，事件数量，类型，频率等进行设置。
Monkey的基本用法：
基本语法如下：
$ adb shell monkey [options]
如果不指定options，Monkey将以无反馈模式启动，并把事件任意发送到安装在目标环境中的全部包。下面是一个更为典型的命令行示例，它启动指定的应用程序，并向其发送500个伪随机事件：
$ adb shell monkey -p your.package.name -v 500
Monkey的测试步骤：
1、通过eclipse启动一个Android的emulator
2、在cmd命令行中输入：adb devices查看设备连接情况
3、在有设备连接的前提下，在命令行中输入：adb shell进入shell界面
4、查看data/data（输入 ls5、如以com.android.calculator2作为对象进行MonkeyTest
则命令行输入：#monkey-p com.android.calculator2 -v 500
可以看到，屏幕的输入、点击等事件都是随机的。Monkey主要用来进行压力测试。
二、Robotium测试工具
Robotium工具，可以在有app源码或apk的情况下进行自动化黑盒测试。
Robotium是一个基于Android应用程序的自动化黑盒测试工具。它简化了测试用例的编写，并且能够编写出功能强大，健壮性很强的黑盒测试用例。运用Robotium，测试人员能够编写测试用例，系统测试，验收测试方案等。同时Robotium还能够跨越多个Android的Activity，进行测试。
Robotium对Activity，Dialog，Toast，Menu都是支持的。
Robotium是开源的：http://code.google.com/p/robotium/downloads/list
测试Robotium可以下载官方的例子ExampleTestProject_v4.2.zip
直接导入zip文件，里面有两个工程NotePad和NotePadTest，右键点击NotePadTest文件，run as Android JunitTest即可。
运行结果：
可以看到，模拟器按照预先在NotePadTest项目中写好的流程进行自动操作，当测试全部成功时，绿条变满。
关于Robotium测试的具体用法，和Junit有很多相似之处。详细的可参照robotium-solo-4.2-javadoc.jar中的帮助文档以及上面的例子来写。
下面给出NotePadTest例子，带注释。
- public
class NotePadTest extends ActivityInstrumentationT estCase2{ -
-
private Solo solo;//测试主类 -
-
public NotePadTest() { -
super(NotesList.class);//指定要测试的类 -
-
} -
-
//启动 -
@Override -
public void setUp() throws Exception { -
//setUp() is run before a test case is started. -
//This is where the solo object is created. -
solo = new Solo(getInstrumentation(), getActivity()); -
} -
-
//结束 -
@Override -
public void tearDown() throws Exception { -
//tearDown() is run after a test case has finished. -
//finishOpenedActivities() will finish all the activities that have been opened during the test execution. -
solo.finishOpenedActivities(); -
} -
-
//测试用例: 添加笔记 -
public void testAddNote() throws Exception { -
solo.clickOnMenuItem("Add note"); -
//Assert that NoteEditor activity is opened -
solo.assertCurrentActivity("Expected NoteEditor activity", "NoteEditor"); -
//In text field 0, enter Note 1 -
solo.enterText(0, "Note 1"); -
solo.goBack(); -
//Clicks on menu item -
solo.clickOnMenuItem("Add note"); -
//In text field 0, type Note 2 -
solo.typeText(0, "Note 2"); -
//Go back to first activity -
solo.goBack(); -
//Takes a screenshot and saves it in "/sdcard/Robotium-Screenshots/". -
solo.takeScreenshot(); -
boolean expected = true; -
boolean actual = solo.searchText("Note 1") && solo.searchText("Note 2"); -
//Assert that Note 1 & Note 2 are found -
assertEquals("Note 1 and/or Note 2 are not found", expected, actual); -
-
} -
-
//测试用例: 编辑笔记 -
public void testEditNote() throws Exception { -
// Click on the second list line -
solo.clickInList(2); -
//Hides the soft keyboard -
solo.hideSoftKeyboard(); -
// Change orientation of activity -
solo.setActivityOrientation(Solo.LANDSCAPE); -
// Change title -
solo.clickOnMenuItem("Edit title"); -
//In first text field (0), add test -
solo.enterText(0, " test"); -
solo.goBack(); -
boolean expected = true; -
// (Regexp) case insensitive -
boolean actual = solo.waitForText("(?i).*?note 1 test"); -
//Assert that Note 1 test is found -
assertEquals("Note 1 test is not found", expected, actual); -
-
} -
-
//测试用例: 移除笔记 -
public void testRemoveNote() throws Exception { -
//(Regexp) case insensitive/text that contains "test" -
solo.clickOnText("(?i).*?test.*"); -
//Delete Note 1 test -
solo.clickOnMenuItem("Delete"); -
//Note 1 test & Note 2 should not be found -
boolean expected = false; -
boolean actual = solo.searchText("Note 1 test"); -
//Assert that Note 1 test is not found -
assertEquals("Note 1 Test is found", expected, actual); -
solo.clickLongOnText("Note 2"); -
//Clicks on Delete in the context menu -
solo.clickOnText("Delete"); -
//Will wait 100 milliseconds for the text: "Note 2" -
actual = solo.waitForText("Note 2", 1, 100); -
//Assert that Note 2 is not found -
assertEquals("Note 2 is found", expected, actual); -
} - }
public class NotePadTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2{ private Solo solo;//测试主类 public NotePadTest() { super(NotesList.class);//指定要测试的类 } //启动 @Override public void setUp() throws Exception { //setUp() is run before a test case is started. //This is where the solo object is created. solo = new Solo(getInstrumentation(), getActivity()); } //结束 @Override public void tearDown() throws Exception { //tearDown() is run after a test case has finished. //finishOpenedActivities() will finish all the activities that have been opened during the test execution. solo.finishOpenedActivities(); } //测试用例: 添加笔记 public void testAddNote() throws Exception { solo.clickOnMenuItem("Add note"); //Assert that NoteEditor activity is opened solo.assertCurrentActivity("Expected NoteEditor activity", "NoteEditor"); //In text field 0, enter Note 1 solo.enterText(0, "Note 1"); solo.goBack(); //Clicks on menu item solo.clickOnMenuItem("Add note"); //In text field 0, type Note 2 solo.typeText(0, "Note 2"); //Go back to first activity solo.goBack(); //Takes a screenshot and saves it in "/sdcard/Robotium-Screenshots/". solo.takeScreenshot(); boolean expected = true; boolean actual = solo.searchText("Note 1") && solo.searchText("Note 2"); //Assert that Note 1 & Note 2 are found assertEquals("Note 1 and/or Note 2 are not found", expected, actual); } //测试用例: 编辑笔记 public void testEditNote() throws Exception { // Click on the second list line solo.clickInList(2); //Hides the soft keyboard solo.hideSoftKeyboard(); // Change orientation of activity solo.setActivityOrientation(Solo.LANDSCAPE); // Change title solo.clickOnMenuItem("Edit title"); //In first text field (0), add test solo.enterText(0, " test"); solo.goBack(); boolean expected = true; // (Regexp) case insensitive boolean actual = solo.waitForText("(?i).*?note 1 test"); //Assert that Note 1 test is found assertEquals("Note 1 test is not found", expected, actual); } //测试用例: 移除笔记 public void testRemoveNote() throws Exception { //(Regexp) case insensitive/text that contains "test" solo.clickOnText("(?i).*?test.*"); //Delete Note 1 test solo.clickOnMenuItem("Delete"); //Note 1 test & Note 2 should not be found boolean expected = false; boolean actual = solo.searchText("Note 1 test"); //Assert that Note 1 test is not found assertEquals("Note 1 Test is found", expected, actual); solo.clickLongOnText("Note 2"); //Clicks on Delete in the context menu solo.clickOnText("Delete"); //Will wait 100 milliseconds for the text: "Note 2" actual = solo.waitForText("Note 2", 1, 100); //Assert that Note 2 is not found assertEquals("Note 2 is found", expected, actual); } }
更多资料：http://blog.51cto.com/zt/301
三、TMTS（Taobao Mobile Test Studio）测试框架
Robotium目前的缺点也很明显，无法对WebView进行操作，这对大量使用WebView的淘宝Android客户端来说无疑是很大的限制。
而且Robotium提供的API是面向过程的，测试代码的可扩展性差。
我们需要一个面向对象的，可对WebView进行操作的自动化测试框架，这就催生了TMTS（Taobao Mobile Test Studio）框架。
TMTS立项时还试图着重解决另一个问题，就是Instrumentation框架下testapp和app运行在一个进程中 ，app crash会导致testapp一并crash。
源码：http://code.taobao.org/p/TMTS/src/
原创文章，转载请注明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/xn4545945
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