chapter 3 列表简介

chapter 3 列表简介

1.列表定义

family=["father","mother","son"]

print(family)

[‘father’, ‘mother’, ‘son’]

2.访问列表元素

#访问列元素，索引从0开始
print(family[0])  

father

#访问末尾元素
print(family[-1])

son

#使用列表中的值
message="My "+family[0]+" is a great person" 
print(message)

My father is a great person

#练习
names=["Huang","Zhou","Zou"]
message1=names[0]+' and '+names[-1]+' are my roomates.'
message2=names[1]+' is my bestfriend.'

print(message1)
print(message2)

Huang and Zou are my roomates.
Zhou is my bestfriend.

3.修改、添加和删除元素

3.1修改元素

motorcycles=['honda','yamaha','suzuki']
print(motorcycles)
motorcycles[0]='ducati'
print(motorcycles)

[‘honda’, ‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’]
[‘ducati’, ‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’]

3.2 添加元素

3.2.1在列表末尾添加

motorcycles.append('honda')
print(motorcycles)

[‘ducati’, ‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’, ‘honda’]

numbers=[]
numbers.append(0)
numbers.append(1)
numbers.append(2)
print(numbers)

[0, 1, 2]

3.2.2在列表中插入元素

motorcycles.insert(1,'bulgati')
print(motorcycles)

[‘ducati’, ‘bulgati’, ‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’, ‘honda’]

3.3 删除列表元素

3.3.1 使用del语句删除元素

print(motorcycles)
del motorcycles[0]
print(motorcycles)

[‘ducati’, ‘bulgati’, ‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’, ‘honda’]
[‘bulgati’, ‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’, ‘honda’]

3.3.2 使用方法pop()删除元素

#pop()可删除列表末尾的元素，并接着使用它，即弹出栈顶元素

print(motorcycles)
popped_motorcycle=motorcycles.pop()
print(motorcycles)
print(popped_motorcycle)

[‘bulgati’, ‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’, ‘honda’]
[‘bulgati’, ‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’]
honda

3.3.3 弹出任意位置的元素

#pop()括号里指定要删除的元素即可弹出任意位置元素

print(motorcycles)
first_owned=motorcycles.pop(0)
print(first_owned)

[‘bulgati’, ‘yamaha’, ‘suzuki’]
bulgati

3.3.4 根据元素的值删除元素remove()

motorcycles=['ducati','honda','suzuki']

print(motorcycles)

expensive='suzuki'

motorcycles.remove(expensive)

print(motorcycles)

print("\nA "+expensive.title()+" is expensive for me.")

[‘ducati’, ‘honda’, ‘suzuki’]
[‘ducati’, ‘honda’]

A Suzuki is expensive for me.

# 练习修改名单

celebrities=['Justin Bieber','Lebron James','Mark Zackberg','Sheldon']
print(celebrities)

cant_come='Lebron James'
print(cant_come+" can't come.")

celebrities[1]='Steve Jobs'
print(celebrities)

celebrities.insert(0,"Kobe Bryant")
celebrities.insert(2,"Adam Hughs")
celebrities.append('Dereck Rose')
print(celebrities)

sorry=celebrities.pop()
print(sorry+" sorry that you can't come.")

del celebrities[0]
print(celebrities)

[‘Justin Bieber’, ‘Lebron James’, ‘Mark Zackberg’, ‘Sheldon’]
Lebron James can’t come.
[‘Justin Bieber’, ‘Steve Jobs’, ‘Mark Zackberg’, ‘Sheldon’]
[‘Kobe Bryant’, ‘Justin Bieber’, ‘Adam Hughs’, ‘Steve Jobs’, ‘Mark Zackberg’, ‘Sheldon’, ‘Dereck Rose’]
Dereck Rose sorry that you can’t come.
[‘Justin Bieber’, ‘Adam Hughs’, ‘Steve Jobs’, ‘Mark Zackberg’, ‘Sheldon’]

4. 组织列表

4.1 使用sort()对列表永久性排序

cars=['bmw','aodi','toyota','subaru']
cars.sort()                     #正排
print(cars)

cars.sort(reverse=True)  #反排
print(cars)

[‘aodi’, ‘bmw’, ‘subaru’, ‘toyota’]
[‘toyota’, ‘subaru’, ‘bmw’, ‘aodi’]

4.2使用函数sorted()对列表临时排序

cars=['bmw','aodi','toyota','subaru']
print("Here is the original list:")
print(cars)
print("\nHere is the sorted list:")
print(sorted(cars,reverse=True))
print("\nHere is the original list again:")
print(cars)

Here is the original list:
[‘bmw’, ‘aodi’, ‘toyota’, ‘subaru’]

Here is the sorted list:
[‘toyota’, ‘subaru’, ‘bmw’, ‘aodi’]

Here is the original list again:
[‘bmw’, ‘aodi’, ‘toyota’, ‘subaru’]

4.3反转列表reverse()

cars=['bmw','aodi','toyota','subaru']
print(cars)

cars.reverse()
print(cars)

[‘bmw’, ‘aodi’, ‘toyota’, ‘subaru’]
[‘subaru’, ‘toyota’, ‘aodi’, ‘bmw’]

4.4确定列表长度len()

cars=['bmw','aodi','toyota','subaru']
len(cars)

4