非阻塞式I/O包括非阻塞输入操作,非阻塞输出操作,非阻塞接收外来连接,非阻塞发起外出连接。包括的函数有:read, readv, recv, recvfrom, recvmsg, write, writev, send, sendto, sendmsg, accept。
(2)使用fcntl函数:
(3)使用ioctl函数:
下面改写
linux网络编程:使用多进程实现socket同时收发数据 中的程序
在该程序中,当接收到客户端的一个连接后,将连接描述符设置成非阻塞的:
将socket 设置为非阻塞模式有三种方法:
(1)创建socket的时候,指定socket是异步的,在type的参数中设置SOCK_NONBLOCK标志即可。
- int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
- int s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_NONBLOCK, IPPROTO_TCP);
- fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFL, fcntl(sockfd, F_GETFL, 0) | O_NONBLOCK);
- ioctl(sockfd, FIONBIO, 1); //1:非阻塞 0:阻塞
- /*=============================================================================
- # FileName: nonblocktcp.c
- # Desc: set the connetfd unblock
- # Author: licaibiao
- # LastChange: 2017-02-14
- =============================================================================*/
- #include<stdio.h>
- #include<sys/types.h>
- #include<sys/socket.h>
- #include<unistd.h>
- #include<stdlib.h>
- #include<errno.h>
- #include<arpa/inet.h>
- #include<netinet/in.h>
- #include<string.h>
- #include<signal.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #define MAXLINE 256
- #define PORT 6666
- void process_out(int signo)
- {
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
- }
- void write_func(int pid, int fd)
- {
- char* write = "I am server";
- printf("write id = %d\n",pid);
- signal(SIGUSR1,process_out);
- while(1)
- {
- sleep(1);
- send(fd,write,strlen(write)+1,0);
- }
- }
- void read_func(int pid, int fd)
- {
- char readbuff[MAXLINE];
- int n = 0;
- printf("read id = %d \n",pid);
- memset(&readbuff,0,sizeof(readbuff));
- while(1)
- {
- n = recv(fd, readbuff, MAXLINE, 0);
- if(n > 0)
- {
- printf("server recv data: %s \n",readbuff);
- }
- else if(n == 0)
- {
- break;
- }
- sleep(1);
- //printf("===\n");
- };
- printf("exit read function\n");
- kill(pid, SIGUSR1);
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
- }
- int main(void)
- {
- int listenfd,connetfd;
- int on = 1;
- int addrlen = 0;
- int flags;
- pid_t pid, pid_child, pid_send;
- struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
- struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
- if ((listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
- {
- printf("create socket err \n");
- }
- addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
- memset(&server_addr, 0, addrlen);
- server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
- server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
- server_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
- if (setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
- {
- printf("bind socket error: %s(errno: %d)\n",strerror(errno),errno);
- exit(0);
- }
- if( bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) == -1)
- {
- printf("bind socket error: %s(errno: %d)\n",strerror(errno),errno);
- exit(0);
- }
- if( listen(listenfd, 10) == -1)
- {
- printf("listen socket error: %s(errno: %d)\n",strerror(errno),errno);
- exit(0);
- }
- printf("wait client accpt \n");
- while(1)
- {
- if( (connetfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &addrlen)) == -1)
- {
- printf("accept socket error: %s(errno: %d)",strerror(errno),errno);
- continue;
- }
- /* set NONBLOCK */
- flags = fcntl(connetfd, F_GETFL, 0);
- fcntl(connetfd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
- signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);
- pid = fork();
- if(pid == -1)
- {
- printf("fork err \n");
- }
- if(pid == 0)
- {
- pid_child = fork();
- if(pid_child == 0)
- {
- pid_send = getpid();
- read_func(pid_send, connetfd);
- }
- else
- {
- pid_send = getpid();
- write_func(pid_send,connetfd);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- flags = fcntl(connetfd, F_GETFL, 0);
- fcntl(connetfd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
这样设置之后,在读和写函数中的send和recv函数都变为了非阻塞模式。在这里我们使用的是sleep来做一个延时循环检测数据可读和数据可发送。在这里常用的套接字超时并不是sleep函数。我们可以使用下面的三种套接字超时方法。
套接字超时:
(1)调用alarm,它在指定超时期满时产生SIGALARM信号,这与Linux信号处理类似。
- static void sig_alrm(int signo)
- {
- return; /* just interrupt the recvfrom() */
- }
- void dg_cli(FILEFILE *fp, int sockfd, const SA *pservaddr, socklen_t servlen)
- {
- int n;
- char sendline[MAXLINE], recvline[MAXLINE + 1];
- signal(SIGALRM, sig_alrm);
- while (Fgets(sendline, MAXLINE, fp) != NULL) {
- sendto(sockfd, sendline, strlen(sendline), 0, pservaddr, servlen);
- alarm(5);
- if ( (n = recvfrom(sockfd, recvline, MAXLINE, 0, NULL, NULL)) < 0) {
- if (errno == EINTR)
- fprintf(stderr, "socket timeout\n");
- else
- err_sys("recvfrom error");
- } else {
- alarm(0);
- recvline[n] = 0; /* null terminate */
- fputs(recvline, stdout);
- }
- }
- }
(2)在select 中阻塞等待I/O(select 有内置的时间限制),以此代替直接阻塞在read或write调用上。
- int readable_select(int fd, int sec)
- {
- fd_set rset;
- struct timeval tv;
- FD_ZERO(&rset);
- FD_SET(fd, &rset);
- tv.tv_sec = sec;
- tv.tv_usec = 0;
- return(select(fd+1, &rset, NULL, NULL, &tv));
- /* 4> 0 if descriptor is readable */
- }
(3)使用较新的SO_RCVTIMEO和SO_SNDTIMEO套接字选项。
- void dg_cli(FILEFILE *fp, int sockfd, const SA *pservaddr, socklen_t servlen)
- {
- int n;
- char sendline[MAXLINE], recvline[MAXLINE + 1];
- struct timeval tv;
- tv.tv_sec = 5;
- tv.tv_usec = 0;
- setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &tv, sizeof(tv));
- while (fgets(sendline, MAXLINE, fp) != NULL) {
- sendto(sockfd, sendline, strlen(sendline), 0, pservaddr, servlen);
- n = recvfrom(sockfd, recvline, MAXLINE, 0, NULL, NULL);
- if (n < 0) {
- if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
- fprintf(stderr, "socket timeout\n");
- continue;
- } else
- err_sys("recvfrom error");
- }
- recvline[n] = 0; /* null terminate */
- fputs(recvline, stdout);
- }
- }
装载:http://blog.csdn.net/li_wen01/article/details/55098317