String类：构造函数，拷贝构造函数

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;

class String
{
public:
	String(const char * str = NULL); //默认参数只需在函数声明时注明，函数定义时不需要
	String(const String &other);
	String & operator=(const String &other);
	~String(void);
	void output() { cout << m_data << endl; }
private:
	char *m_data; //用于保存字符串
};

String::String(const char * str)
{
	if (NULL == str)
	{
		m_data = new char[1];
		*m_data = '\0';
	}
	else
	{
		m_data = new char[strlen(str)+1];
		strcpy(m_data, str);
	}
	cout << "Constructor is called" << endl;
}

String::String(const String &other)
{
	m_data = new char[strlen(other.m_data)+1];
	strcpy(m_data, other.m_data);
	cout << "Copy constructor is called" << endl;
}

String& String::operator=(const String &other)
{
	if (this == &other)  //不能写为if(*this == other)，因为没有重载==，不能将两个类的对象做对比
	{
		return *this;
	}

	delete [] m_data;

	m_data = new char[strlen(other.m_data)+1];
	strcpy(m_data, other.m_data);

	cout << "Assignment operator is called" << endl;
	return *this;
}

String::~String(void)
{
	delete []m_data;
	cout << "Destructor is called" << endl;
}

int main()
{
	const char *c="hello";
	String s(c);   //Constructor is called
	s.output();
	String s2 = s; //Copy constructor
	String s3(s2); //Copy constructor
	s3 = s;        //Assignment operator

	return 0;
}

输出：

Constructor is called
hello
Copy constructor is called
Copy constructor is called
Assignment operator is called
Destructor is called
Destructor is called
Destructor is called