学生和老师就是多对多的关系。一个学生有多个老师，一个老师教多个学生。多对多映射采取中间表连接的映射策略，建立的中间表将分别引入两边的主键作为外键。jpa 对于中间表的元数据提供了可配置的方式，用户可以自定义中间表的表名，列名。
下面就以学生和老师为例介绍多对多映射关系的实例开发
Student实体类
package com.ljq.entity; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.ManyToMany; @SuppressWarnings( " serial " ) @Entity public class Student implements java.io.Serializable { /** 学生ID * */ private Integer studentid; /** 学生姓名 * */ private String name; private Set < Teacher > teachers = new HashSet < Teacher > (); public Student() { super (); } public Student(String name) { super (); this .name = name; } @Id @GeneratedValue public Integer getStudentid() { return studentid; } public void setStudentid(Integer studentid) { this .studentid = studentid; } @Column(nullable = false ,length = 32 ) public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } // @ManyToMany注释表示Student是多对多关系的一边，mappedBy属性定义了Student为双向关系的维护端 // Teacher表是关系的维护者，owner side，有主导权，它有个外键指向Student表。 @ManyToMany(mappedBy = " students " ) public Set < Teacher > getTeachers() { return teachers; } public void setTeachers(Set < Teacher > teachers) { this .teachers = teachers; } }
Teacher实体类
package com.ljq.entity; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set; import javax.persistence.CascadeType; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.FetchType; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.JoinColumn; import javax.persistence.JoinTable; import javax.persistence.ManyToMany; @SuppressWarnings( " serial " ) @Entity public class Teacher implements java.io.Serializable { /** 教师ID * */ private Integer teacherid; /** 教师姓名 * */ private String name; private Set < Student > students = new HashSet < Student > (); public Teacher() { super (); } public Teacher(String name) { super (); this .name = name; } @Id @GeneratedValue public Integer getTeacherid() { return teacherid; } public void setTeacherid(Integer teacherid) { this .teacherid = teacherid; } @Column(nullable = false ,length = 32 ) public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } // @ManyToMany注释表示Teacher是多对多关系的一端。 // @JoinTable描述了多对多关系的数据表关系。name属性指定中间表名称，joinColumns定义中间表与Teacher表的外键关系。 // 中间表Teacher_Student的Teacher_ID列是Teacher表的主键列对应的外键列，inverseJoinColumns属性定义了中间表与另外一端(Student)的外键关系。 @ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.PERSIST, fetch = FetchType.LAZY) @JoinTable(name = " Teacher_Student " , joinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = " Teacher_ID " , referencedColumnName = " teacherid " ) }, inverseJoinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = " Student_ID " , referencedColumnName = " studentid " ) }) public Set < Student > getStudents() { return students; } public void setStudents(Set < Student > students) { this .students = students; } /** * 添加学生 * * @param student */ public void addStudent(Student student) { if ( ! this .students.contains(student)) { this .students.add(student);student.setTeacher(this); } } /** * 删除学生 * * @param student */ public void removeStudent(Student student) { if ( this .students.contains(student)){student.setTeacher(null); this .students.remove(student); } } }
ManyToManyTest测试类
package com.ljq.test; import javax.persistence.EntityManager; import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory; import javax.persistence.Persistence; import org.junit.Test; import com.ljq.entity.Student; import com.ljq.entity.Teacher; public class ManyToManyTest { @Test public void save() { EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory( " ljq " ); EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager(); em.getTransaction().begin(); em.persist( new Teacher( " 张老师 " )); em.persist( new Student( " 小张 " )); em.getTransaction().commit(); em.close(); factory.close(); } /** * 为老师添加一个学生 * */ @Test public void build() { EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory( " ljq " ); EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager(); em.getTransaction().begin(); Teacher teacher = em.find(Teacher. class , 2 ); teacher.addStudent(em.getReference(Student. class , 2 )); em.getTransaction().commit(); em.close(); factory.close(); } /** * 解除学生跟老师的关系 * */ @Test public void remove() { EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory( " ljq " ); EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager(); em.getTransaction().begin(); Teacher teacher = em.find(Teacher. class , 2 ); teacher.removeStudent(em.getReference(Student. class , 2 )); em.getTransaction().commit(); em.close(); factory.close(); } /** * 删除学生，因为学生不是关系维护者，所以需要先手工解除老师与学生的关联，然后再删除学生 * */ @Test public void deleteStudent() { EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory( " ljq " ); EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager(); em.getTransaction().begin(); Teacher teacher = em.find(Teacher. class , 2 ); Student student = em.getReference(Student. class , 2 ); teacher.removeStudent(student); // 手工解除老师与学生的关系 em.remove(student); // 删除学生 em.getTransaction().commit(); em.close(); factory.close(); } /** * 删除老师，因为老师是关系维护者，所以可以直接解除老师与学生的关系，不用我们手工解除 * */ @Test public void deleteTeacher() { EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory( " ljq " ); EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager(); em.getTransaction().begin(); em.remove(em.getReference(Teacher. class , 3 )); em.getTransaction().commit(); em.close(); factory.close(); } /** * 用来判断映射是否成功 * */ @Test public void test() { EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory( " ljq " ); factory.close(); } }
418
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
