java框架学习——JPA实现多对多关系简单案例

本次使用JPA实现多对多的简单案例,学生和课程之间的关系为多对多关系,所以本次使用案例选择这个来做。
环境搭建及基本包创建代码编写
1.新建基本的maven工程命名为jpa-CourseToStudent。并在pom.xml配置中配置如下依赖:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>cn.lut</groupId>
    <artifactId>jpa-CourseToStudent</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <hibernate.version>5.4.20.Final</hibernate.version>
        <mysql.version>8.0.21</mysql.version>
        <c3p0.version>0.9.5.5</c3p0.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.7.30</slf4j.version>
        <spring.version>5.2.7.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!--junit单元测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--log日志-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--spring beg-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--spring对orm框架的支持包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--hibernate-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.1.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--c3p0-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.5.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.data/spring-data-jpa -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.el/javax.el-api -->
        <!--使用spring data jpa 必须导入的el-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.6</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

2.在src-main-java包下新建包cn.lut.dao和cn.lut.domain包用于创建实体类对象和相应的持久层接口。
①在domain包下新建Student和Course实体类
Student.java代码如下:

package cn.lut.domain;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

@Entity
@Table(name = "student")
public class Student  {
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	@Column(name = "stu_id")
	private Long stuId;
	@Column(name = "stu_name")
	private String stuName;
	@Column(name = "stu_age")
	private Integer stuAge;
	@Column(name = "major")
	private String major;
	/*配置学生到课程的多对多关系
	 * 配置多对多的映射关系:
	 * 1声明表关系配置
	 * 2配置中间表(包含两个外键)
	 * */
	@ManyToMany(targetEntity = Course.class,cascade = CascadeType.ALL,fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
	@JoinTable(name = "sys_stu_cou",//中间表的名称
			//joinColumns当前对象在中间表中的外键
			joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "sys_stu_id",referencedColumnName = "stu_id")},
			//inverseJoinColumns对方对象在中间表中的外键
			inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "sys_cou_id",referencedColumnName = "cou_id")}
	)
	private Set<Course> courses=new HashSet<Course>();

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student{" +
				"stuId=" + stuId +
				", stuName='" + stuName + '\'' +
				", stuAge=" + stuAge +
				", major='" + major + '\'' +
				'}';
	}
	public Long getStuId() {
		return stuId;
	}
	public void setStuId(Long stuId) {
		this.stuId = stuId;
	}
	public String getStuName() {
		return stuName;
	}
	public void setStuName(String stuName) {
		this.stuName = stuName;
	}
	public Integer getStuAge() {
		return stuAge;
	}
	public void setStuAge(Integer stuAge) {
		this.stuAge = stuAge;
	}
	public String getMajor() {
		return major;
	}
	public void setMajor(String major) {
		this.major = major;
	}
	public Set<Course> getCourses() {
		return courses;
	}
	public void setCourses(Set<Course> courses) {
		this.courses = courses;
	}
}

Course.java中代码如下:

package cn.lut.domain;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

@Entity
@Table(name = "course")
public class Course {
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	@Column(name = "cou_id")
	private Long couId;
	@Column(name = "cou_name")
	private String couName;
	@ManyToMany(mappedBy = "courses",fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
	private Set<Student> students=new HashSet<Student>();
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Course{" +
				"couId=" + couId +
				", couName='" + couName + '\'' +
				'}';
	}
	public Long getCouId() {
		return couId;
	}
	public void setCouId(Long couId) {
		this.couId = couId;
	}
	public String getCouName() {
		return couName;
	}
	public void setCouName(String couName) {
		this.couName = couName;
	}
	public Set<Student> getStudents() {
		return students;
	}
	public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
		this.students = students;
	}
}

②在dao包下新建持久层接口
IStudentDao.java代码如下:

package cn.lut.dao;

import cn.lut.domain.Student;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;

public interface IStudentDao extends JpaRepository<Student,Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Student> {
}

IcourseDao.java中代码如下:

package cn.lut.dao;

import cn.lut.domain.Course;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;

public interface ICourseDao extends JpaSpecificationExecutor<Course>, JpaRepository<Course,Long> {
}

3.创建resources资源包下的配置文件applicationContext.xml文件其中添加配置。
applicationContext.xml中的代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc  http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa  http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!--spring和spring data jpa的配置-->
    <!--创建entityManagerFactory对象交给spring容器管理-->
    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!--自动扫描实体类的包-->
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.lut.domain"/>
        <!--jap的实现方式-->
        <property name="persistenceProvider">
            <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/>
        </property>
        <!--jpa的供应商适配器-->
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
                <property name="generateDdl" value="false"/><!--自动创建数据库表-->
                <property name="database" value="MYSQL"/><!--数据库类型-->
                <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect"/><!--数据库方言:支持的特有语法-->
                <property name="showSql" value="true"/>
            </bean>
        </property>
        <!--注入jpa的配置信息,加载jpa的基本配置信息,和jpa实现方式的配置信息-->
        <property name="jpaProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>

            </props>
        </property>
        <!--jpa方言高级特性-->
        <property name="jpaDialect">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"/>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!--创建数据库连接池-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="user" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="123456"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///jpa?serverTimezone=UTC"></property>
        <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"></property>
    </bean>
    <!--整合spring data JPA-->
    <jpa:repositories base-package="cn.lut.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
                      entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"></jpa:repositories>
    <!--配置事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"></property>
    </bean>
    <!--声明式事务-->
    <!--配置注解包扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.lut"></context:component-scan>
</beans>

4.创建测试类
CouToStuTest.java

package cn.lut.test;

import cn.lut.dao.ICourseDao;
import cn.lut.dao.IStudentDao;
import cn.lut.domain.Course;
import cn.lut.domain.Student;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.Set;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class CouToStuTest {
	@Autowired
	private IStudentDao studentDao;
	@Autowired
	private ICourseDao courseDao;
	@Test
	@Transactional
	@Rollback(value = false)
	public void testAdd(){
		Student stu=new Student();
		stu.setStuName("jack");

		Course cou=new Course();
		cou.setCouName("English");
		//配置学生到课程之间的关系
		stu.getCourses().add(cou);
		//配置课程到学生之间的关系
		cou.getStudents().add(stu);

		studentDao.save(stu);
	}
	@Test
	@Transactional
	@Rollback(value = false)
	public void testDel(){
		//查询1号学生
		Student student=studentDao.getOne(1l);
		System.out.println(student);
		Set<Course> courses = student.getCourses();
		for(Course c:courses){
			System.out.println(c);
		}
		//删除一号学生
		//studentDao.delete(student);
	}
}

注意在第一次测试存储时配置文件中的配置jpa实现方式的配置为:

<property name="jpaProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</prop>
            </props>
        </property>

测试删除时修改为:

<property name="jpaProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
            </props>
        </property>

创建完成后的工程结构如下:
在这里插入图片描述

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