JPA关联映射 - 多对多映射

1.persistence.xml

JPA规范要求在类路径的META-INF目录下放置persistence.xml

<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd"
	version="1.0">
	<persistence-unit name="itcast" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
		<properties>
			<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver" />
			<property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/itcast?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8" />
			<property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="root" />
			<property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="root" />
			<property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect" />
			<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update" />
			<property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" />
			<property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true" />
			<property name="hibernate.max_fetch_depth" value="1" />
		</properties>
	</persistence-unit>
</persistence>

2.实体类
（1）多的一方（关系维护方）

package cn.itcast.domain;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;

/**
 * Student学员实体类
 */
@Entity
public class Student {
	/** 主键 **/
	private Integer id;
	/** 学员名称 **/
	private String name;
	/** 学员 - 教师 **/
	private Set<Teacher> teachers = new HashSet<Teacher>();

	public Student() {}

	public Student(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	@Column(length = 12, nullable = false, unique = true)
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	@ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.REFRESH)
	@JoinTable(name = "student_teacher", 
			joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "student_id"),
			inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "teacher_id"))
	public Set<Teacher> getTeachers() {
		return teachers;
	}
	public void setTeachers(Set<Teacher> teachers) {
		this.teachers = teachers;
	}
	/**
	 * 添加学员的授课教师
	 */
	public void addTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
		this.teachers.add(teacher);
	}
	/**
	 * 移除学员的授课教师
	 */
	public void removeTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
		if (this.teachers.contains(teacher)) {
			this.teachers.remove(teacher);
		}
	}
}

（2）多的一方（关系呗维护方）

package cn.itcast.domain;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;

/**
 * Teacher教师实体类
 */
@Entity
public class Teacher {
	/** 主键 **/
	private Integer id;
	/** 教师名称 **/
	private String name;
	/** 教师 - 学员 **/
	private Set<Student> students = new HashSet<Student>();
	
	public Teacher(){}
	
	public Teacher(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	@Id @GeneratedValue
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	@Column(length=12,unique=true)
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	@ManyToMany(cascade=CascadeType.REFRESH,mappedBy="teachers")
	public Set<Student> getStudents() {
		return students;
	}
	public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
		this.students = students;
	}
}

3.多对多单元测试类StudentTest

package junit.test;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;

import cn.itcast.domain.Student;
import cn.itcast.domain.Teacher;

/**
 * 多对多的单元测试类
 */
public class StudentTest {
	private static EntityManager em;

	@BeforeClass
	public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
		em = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("itcast").createEntityManager();
	}

	@AfterClass
	public static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception {
		em.close();
	}

	@Test
	public void testSave () {
		em.getTransaction().begin();
		em.persist(new Student("小张1"));
		em.persist(new Teacher("李勇老师1"));
		em.getTransaction().commit();
	}

	/**
	 * 建立老师和学生的关系
	 */
	@Test
	public void testBuildTS () {
		em.getTransaction().begin();
		Student student = em.find(Student.class, 1);
		Teacher teacher = em.getReference(Teacher.class, 1);
		student.addTeacher(teacher);
		em.getTransaction().commit();
	}

	/**
	 * 解除老师和学生的关系
	 */
	@Test
	public void testDeleteTS () {
		em.getTransaction().begin();
		Student student = em.find(Student.class, 1);
		Teacher teacher = em.getReference(Teacher.class, 1);
		student.removeTeacher(teacher);
		em.getTransaction().commit();
	}

	/**
	 * 删除老师（当删除教师时，需要先接触与其相关的学员的关系，然后再对其进行删除）
	 */
	@Test
	public void testDeleteTeacher () {
		em.getTransaction().begin();
		Student student = em.find(Student.class, 1);
		Teacher teacher = em.getReference(Teacher.class, 1);
		student.removeTeacher(teacher);
		em.remove(teacher);
		em.getTransaction().commit();
	}
}