一、初步了解AMS的进程管理
引用邓凡平的深入理解系列的一些知识
1. Linux进程调度优先级和调度策略
调度优先级和调度策略是操作系统中一个很重要的概念。简而言之，它是系统中CPU资源的管理和控制手段。如何理解？此处进行简单介绍。读者可自行阅读操作系统方面的书籍以加深理解。
· 相对于在OS上运行的应用进程个数来说，CPU的资源非常有限。
· 调度优先级是OS分配CPU资源给应用进程时（即调度应用进程运行）需要参考的一个指标。一般而言，优先级高的进程将更有机会得到CPU资源。
调度策略用于描述OS调度模块分配CPU给应用进程所遵循的规则，即当将CPU控制权交给调度模块时，系统如何选择下一个要运行的进程。此处不能仅考虑各进程的调度优先级，因为存在多个进程具有相同调度优先级的情况。在这种情况下，一个需要考虑的重要因素是，每个进程所分配的时间片及它们的使用情况.
提示可简单认为，调度优先级及调度策略二者一起影响了系统分配CPU资源给应用进程。注意，此处的措词为“影响”，而非“控制”。因为对于用户空间可以调用的API来说，如果二者能控制CPU资源分配，那么该系统的安全性会大打折扣。
Linux提供了两个API用于设置调度优先级及调度策略。先来看设置调度优先级的函数setpriority，其原型如下：
int setpriority(int which, int who, int prio);
其中：
· which和who参数联合使用。当which为PRIO_PROGRESS时，who代表一个进程；当which为PRIO_PGROUP时，who代表一个进程组；当which为PRIO_USER时，who代表一个uid。
· 第三个参数prio用于设置应用进程的nicer值，可取范围从-20到19。Linux kernel用nicer值来描述进程的调度优先级，该值越大，表明该进程越友（nice），其被调度运行的几率越低。
下面来看设置调度策略的函数sched_setscheduler，其原型如下：
int sched_setscheduler(pid_t pid, int policy,conststruct sched_param *param);
其中：
· 第一个参数为进程id。
· 第二个参数为调度策略。目前Android支持三种调度策略：SCHED_OTHER，标准round-robin分时共享策略(也就是默认的策略)；SCHED_BATCH，针对具有batch风格（批处理）进程的调度策略；SCHED_IDLE，针对优先级非常低的适合在后台运行的进程。除此之外，Linux还支持实时（Real-time）调度策略，包括SCHED_FIFO，先入先出调度策略；SCHED_RR，：round-robin调度策略，也就是循环调度。这些策略的定义值在Process.java,下面的文章有介绍这个类
· param参数中最重要的是该结构体中的sched_priority变量。针对Android中的三种非实时调度策略，该值必须为NULL。
以上介绍了调度优先级和调度策略的概念。建议读者做个小实验来测试调动优先级及调动策略的作用，步骤如下：
· 挂载SD卡到PC机并往向其中复制一些媒体文件，然后重新挂载SD卡到手机。该操作就能触发MediaScanner扫描新增的这些媒体文件。
· 利用top命令查看CPU使用率，会发现进程com.process.media（即MediaScanner所在的进程）占用CPU较高（可达70%以上），原因是该进程会扫描媒体文件，该工作将利用较多的CPU资源。
· 此时，如果启动另一个进程，然后做一些操作，会发现MediaScanner所在进程的CPU利用率会降下来（例如下降到30%~40%），这表明系统将CPU资源更多地分给了用户正在操作的这个进程。
出现这种现象的原因是，MediaScannerSerivce的扫描线程将调度优先级设置为11，而默认的调度优先级为0。 相比而言，MediaScannerService优先级真的很高。
2. 关于Linux进程oom_adj的介绍
从Linux kernel 2.6.11开始，内核提供了进程的OOM控制机制，目的是当系统出现内存不足（out of memory，简称OOM）的情况时，Kernel可根据进程的oom_adj来选择并杀死一些进程，以回收内存。简而言之，oom_adj可标示Linux进程内存资源的优先级，其可取范围从-16到15，另外有一个特殊值-17用于禁止系统在OOM情况下杀死该进程。和nicer值一样，oom_adj的值越高，那么在OOM情况下，该进程越有可能被杀掉。每个进程的oom_adj初值为0。
Linux没有提供单独的API用于设置进程的oom_adj。目前的做法就是向/proc/进程id/oom_adj文件中写入对应的oom_adj值，通过这种方式就能调节进程的oom_adj了。
另外，有必要简单介绍一下Android为Linux Kernel新增的lowmemorykiller（以后简称LMK）模块的工作方式：LMK的职责是根据当前内存大小去杀死对应oom_adj及以上的进程以回收内存。这里有两个关键参数：为LMK设置不同的内存阈值及oom_adj，它们分别由/sys/module/lowmemorykiller/parameters/minfree和/sys/module/lowmemorykiller/parameters/adj控制。
注意这两个参数的典型设置为：
minfree，2048,3072,4096,6144,7168,8192 用于描述不同级别的内存阈值，单位为KB。
adj，0,1,2,4,7,15 用于描述对应内存阈值的oom_adj值。
表示当剩余内存为2048KB时，LMK将杀死oom_adj大于等于0的进程。
网络上有一些关于Android手机内存优化的方法，其中一种就利用了LMK的工作原理。
提示lowmemorykiller的代码在kernel/drivers/staging/android/lowmemorykiller.c中，感兴趣的读者可尝试自行阅读。
3.关于Android中的进程管理的介绍
前面介绍了Linux OS中进程管理（包括调度和OOM控制）方面的API，但AMS是如何利用它们的呢？这就涉及AMS中的进程管理规则了。这里简单介绍相关规则。
Android将应用进程分为五大类，分别为Forground类、Visible类、Service类、Background类及Empty类。这五大类的划分各有规则。
1. 进程分类
（1） Forground类
该类中的进程重要性最高，属于该类的进程包括下面几种情况：
· 含一个前端Activity（即onResume函数被调用过了，或者说当前正在显示的那个Activity）。
· 含一个Service，并且该Service和一个前端Activity绑定（例如Music应用包括一个前端界面和一个播放Service，当我们一边听歌一边操作Music界面时，该Service即和一个前端Activity绑定）。
· 含一个调用了startForground的Service，或者该进程的Service正在调用其生命周期的函数（onCreate、onStart或onDestroy）。
· 最后一种情况是，该进程中有BroadcastReceiver实例正在执行onReceive函数。
（2） Visible类
属于Visible类的进程中没有处于前端的组件，但是用户仍然能看到它们，例如位于一个对话框后的Activity界面。目前该类进程包括两种：
· 该进程包含一个仅onPause被调用的Activity（即它还在前台，只不过部分界面被遮住）。
· 或者包含一个Service，并且该Service和一个Visible（或Forground）的Activity绑定（从字面意义上看，这种情况不太好和Forground进程中第二种情况区分）。
（3） Service类、Background类及Empty类
这三类进程都没有可见的部分，具体情况如下。
· Service进程：该类进程包含一个Service。此Service通过startService启动，并且不属于前面两类进程。这种进程一般在后台默默地干活，例如前面介绍的MediaScannerService。
· Background进程：该类进程包含当前不可见的Activity（即它们的onStop被调用过）。系统保存这些进程到一个LRU（最近最少使用）列表。当系统需要回收内存时，该列表中那些最近最少使用的进程将被杀死。
· Empty进程：这类进程中不包含任何组件。为什么会出现这种不包括任何组件的进程呢？其实很简单，假设该进程仅创建了一个Activity，它完成工作后主动调用finish函数销毁（destroy）自己，之后该进程就会成为Empty进程。系统保留Empty进程的原因是当又重新需要它们时（例如用户在别的进程中通过startActivity启动了它们），可以省去fork进程、创建Android运行环境等一系列漫长而艰苦的工作。
通过以上介绍可发现，当某个进程和前端显示有关系时，其重要性相对要高，这或许是体现Google重视用户体验的一个很直接的证据吧。
建议读者可阅读SDK/docs/guide/topics/fundamentals/processes-and-threads.html以获取更为详细的信息。
二、AMS的进程管理详情
AMS的进程管理跟三个类密切关系ProcessList，ProcessRecord和Process。方法的话有
updateLruProcessLocked、computeOomAdjLocked、updateOomAdjLocked、applyOomAdjLocked 。其实在AMS中保持所有的进程信息
final ArrayList<ProcessRecord> mLruProcesses = new ArrayList<ProcessRecord>();//所有的进程信息
final ArrayList<ProcessRecord> mRemovedProcesses = new ArrayList<ProcessRecord>();//移除的进程信息
final SparseArray<ProcessRecord> mPidsSelfLocked = new SparseArray<ProcessRecord>();用pid来查询相关的进程信息
2.1.1 ProcessList
public final class ProcessList {
private static final String TAG = TAG_WITH_CLASS_NAME ? "ProcessList" : TAG_AM;
// The minimum time we allow between crashes, for us to consider this
// application to be bad and stop and its services and reject broadcasts.
static final int MIN_CRASH_INTERVAL = 60*1000;
// OOM adjustments for processes in various states:
// Uninitialized value for any major or minor adj fields
static final int INVALID_ADJ = -10000;
// Adjustment used in certain places where we don't know it yet.
// (Generally this is something that is going to be cached, but we
// don't know the exact value in the cached range to assign yet.)
static final int UNKNOWN_ADJ = 1001;
// This is a process only hosting activities that are not visible,
// so it can be killed without any disruption.
static final int CACHED_APP_MAX_ADJ = 906;
static final int CACHED_APP_MIN_ADJ = 900;
// The B list of SERVICE_ADJ -- these are the old and decrepit
// services that aren't as shiny and interesting as the ones in the A list.
static final int SERVICE_B_ADJ = 800;
// This is the process of the previous application that the user was in.
// This process is kept above other things, because it is very common to
// switch back to the previous app. This is important both for recent
// task switch (toggling between the two top recent apps) as well as normal
// UI flow such as clicking on a URI in the e-mail app to view in the browser,
// and then pressing back to return to e-mail.
static final int PREVIOUS_APP_ADJ = 700;
// This is a process holding the home application -- we want to try
// avoiding killing it, even if it would normally be in the background,
// because the user interacts with it so much.
static final int HOME_APP_ADJ = 600;
// This is a process holding an application service -- killing it will not
// have much of an impact as far as the user is concerned.
static final int SERVICE_ADJ = 500;
// This is a process with a heavy-weight application. It is in the
// background, but we want to try to avoid killing it. Value set in
// system/rootdir/init.rc on startup.
static final int HEAVY_WEIGHT_APP_ADJ = 400;
// This is a process currently hosting a backup operation. Killing it
// is not entirely fatal but is generally a bad idea.
static final int BACKUP_APP_ADJ = 300;
// This is a process only hosting components that are perceptible to the
// user, and we really want to avoid killing them, but they are not
// immediately visible. An example is background music playback.
static final int PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ = 200;
// This is a process only hosting activities that are visible to the
// user, so we'd prefer they don't disappear.
static final int VISIBLE_APP_ADJ = 100;
static final int VISIBLE_APP_LAYER_MAX = PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ - VISIBLE_APP_ADJ - 1;
// This is the process running the current foreground app. We'd really
// rather not kill it!
static final int FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ = 0;
// This is a process that the system or a persistent process has bound to,
// and indicated it is important.
static final int PERSISTENT_SERVICE_ADJ = -700;
// This is a system persistent process, such as telephony. Definitely
// don't want to kill it, but doing so is not completely fatal.
static final int PERSISTENT_PROC_ADJ = -800;
// The system process runs at the default adjustment.
static final int SYSTEM_ADJ = -900;
// Special code for native processes that are not being managed by the system (so
// don't have an oom adj assigned by the system).
static final int NATIVE_ADJ = -1000;
// Memory pages are 4K.
static final int PAGE_SIZE = 4*1024;
private final int[] mOomAdj = new int[] {
FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ, VISIBLE_APP_ADJ, PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ,
BACKUP_APP_ADJ, CACHED_APP_MIN_ADJ, CACHED_APP_MAX_ADJ
};
// These are the low-end OOM level limits. This is appropriate for an
// HVGA or smaller phone with less than 512MB. Values are in KB.
private final int[] mOomMinFreeLow = new int[] {
12288, 18432, 24576,
36864, 43008, 49152
};
// These are the high-end OOM level limits. This is appropriate for a
// 1280x800 or larger screen with around 1GB RAM. Values are in KB.
private final int[] mOomMinFreeHigh = new int[] {
73728, 92160, 110592,
129024, 147456, 184320
};这个类主要是用于OOM的设定值。什么时候会发生OOM呢？跟oom_adj 值有很大关系。oom_adj 的值有几个档位如下
ADJ级别 取值 含义
NATIVE_ADJ -1000 native进程
SYSTEM_ADJ -900 仅指system_server进程
PERSISTENT_PROC_ADJ -800 系统persistent进程
PERSISTENT_SERVICE_ADJ -700 关联着系统或persistent进程
FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ 0 前台进程
VISIBLE_APP_ADJ 100 可见进程
PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ 200 可感知进程，比如后台音乐播放
BACKUP_APP_ADJ 300 备份进程
HEAVY_WEIGHT_APP_ADJ 400 重量级进程
SERVICE_ADJ 500 服务进程
HOME_APP_ADJ 600 Home进程
PREVIOUS_APP_ADJ 700 上一个进程
SERVICE_B_ADJ 800 B List中的Service
CACHED_APP_MIN_ADJ 900 不可见进程的adj最小值
CACHED_APP_MAX_ADJ 906 不可见进程的adj最大值
UNKNOWN_ADJ = 1001 进程初始化都是会赋予这个值。为了防止剩余内存过低，Android在内核空间有lowmemorykiller(简称LMK)，LMK是通过注册shrinker来触发低内存回收的，这个机制并不太优雅，可能会拖慢Shrinkers内存扫描速度，已从内核4.12中移除，后续会采用用户空间的LMKD + memory cgroups机制，这里先不展开LMK讲解。
进程刚启动时ADJ等于INVALID_ADJ，当执行完attachApplication()，该该进程的curAdj和setAdj不相等，则会触发执行setOomAdj()将该进程的节点/proc/pid/oom_score_adj写入oomadj值。下图参数为Android原生阈值，当系统剩余空闲内存低于某阈值(比如147MB)，则从ADJ大于或等于相应阈值(比如900)的进程中，选择ADJ值最大的进程，如果存在多个ADJ相同的进程，则选择内存最大的进程。 如下是64位机器，LMK默认阈值图：
在updateOomLevels()过程，会根据手机屏幕尺寸或内存大小来调整scale，默认大多数手机内存都大于700MB，则scale等于1。对于64位手机，阈值会更大些，具体如下。
private void updateOomLevels(int displayWidth, int displayHeight, boolean write) {
// Scale buckets from avail memory: at 300MB we use the lowest values to
// 700MB or more for the top values.
float scaleMem = ((float)(mTotalMemMb-350))/(700-350);
// Scale buckets from screen size.
int minSize = 480*800; // 384000
int maxSize = 1280*800; // 1024000 230400 870400 .264
float scaleDisp = ((float)(displayWidth*displayHeight)-minSize)/(maxSize-minSize);
if (false) {
Slog.i("XXXXXX", "scaleMem=" + scaleMem);
Slog.i("XXXXXX", "scaleDisp=" + scaleDisp + " dw=" + displayWidth
+ " dh=" + displayHeight);
}
float scale = scaleMem > scaleDisp ? scaleMem : scaleDisp;
if (scale < 0) scale = 0;
else if (scale > 1) scale = 1;
int minfree_adj = Resources.getSystem().getInteger(
com.android.internal.R.integer.config_lowMemoryKillerMinFreeKbytesAdjust);
int minfree_abs = Resources.getSystem().getInteger(
com.android.internal.R.integer.config_lowMemoryKillerMinFreeKbytesAbsolute);
if (false) {
Slog.i("XXXXXX", "minfree_adj=" + minfree_adj + " minfree_abs=" + minfree_abs);
}
final boolean is64bit = Build.SUPPORTED_64_BIT_ABIS.length > 0;
for (int i=0; i<mOomAdj.length; i++) {
int low = mOomMinFreeLow[i];
int high = mOomMinFreeHigh[i];
if (is64bit) {
// Increase the high min-free levels for cached processes for 64-bit
if (i == 4) high = (high*3)/2;
else if (i == 5) high = (high*7)/4;
}
mOomMinFree[i] = (int)(low + ((high-low)*scale));
}
if (minfree_abs >= 0) {
for (int i=0; i<mOomAdj.length; i++) {
mOomMinFree[i] = (int)((float)minfree_abs * mOomMinFree[i]
/ mOomMinFree[mOomAdj.length - 1]);
}
}
if (minfree_adj != 0) {
for (int i=0; i<mOomAdj.length; i++) {
mOomMinFree[i] += (int)((float)minfree_adj * mOomMinFree[i]
/ mOomMinFree[mOomAdj.length - 1]);
if (mOomMinFree[i] < 0) {
mOomMinFree[i] = 0;
}
}
}
// The maximum size we will restore a process from cached to background, when under
// memory duress, is 1/3 the size we have reserved for kernel caches and other overhead
// before killing background processes.
mCachedRestoreLevel = (getMemLevel(ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MAX_ADJ)/1024) / 3;
// Ask the kernel to try to keep enough memory free to allocate 3 full
// screen 32bpp buffers without entering direct reclaim.
int reserve = displayWidth * displayHeight * 4 * 3 / 1024;
int reserve_adj = Resources.getSystem().getInteger(com.android.internal.R.integer.config_extraFreeKbytesAdjust);
int reserve_abs = Resources.getSystem().getInteger(com.android.internal.R.integer.config_extraFreeKbytesAbsolute);
if (reserve_abs >= 0) {
reserve = reserve_abs;
}
if (reserve_adj != 0) {
reserve += reserve_adj;
if (reserve < 0) {
reserve = 0;
}
}
if (write) {
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(4 * (2*mOomAdj.length + 1));
buf.putInt(LMK_TARGET);
for (int i=0; i<mOomAdj.length; i++) {
buf.putInt((mOomMinFree[i]*1024)/PAGE_SIZE);
buf.putInt(mOomAdj[i]);
}
writeLmkd(buf);
SystemProperties.set("sys.sysctl.extra_free_kbytes", Integer.toString(reserve));
}
// GB: 2048,3072,4096,6144,7168,8192
// HC: 8192,10240,12288,14336,16384,20480
}2.1.2 ProcessRecord
public final class ProcessRecord {
private static final String TAG = TAG_WITH_CLASS_NAME ? "ProcessRecord" : TAG_AM;
private final BatteryStatsImpl mBatteryStats; // where to collect runtime statistics//管理进程电量统计
public final ApplicationInfo info; // all about the first app in the process
final boolean isolated; // true if this is a special isolated process //独立进程
public final int uid; // uid of process; may be different from 'info' if isolated
final int userId; // user of process.
public final String processName; // name of the process
// List of packages running in the process
public final ArrayMap<String, ProcessStats.ProcessStateHolder> pkgList = new ArrayMap<>();
UidRecord uidRecord; // overall state of process's uid.
//进程运行依赖的包
ArraySet<String> pkgDeps; // additional packages we have a dependency on
//保存IApplicationThread,通过它可以和应用进程交互
public IApplicationThread thread; // the actual proc... may be null only if
// 'persistent' is true (in which case we
// are in the process of launching the app)
ProcessState baseProcessTracker;
BatteryStatsImpl.Uid.Proc curProcBatteryStats;
public int pid; // The process of this application; 0 if none
String procStatFile; // path to /proc/<pid>/stat
int[] gids; // The gids this process was launched with
String requiredAbi; // The ABI this process was launched with
String instructionSet; // The instruction set this process was launched with
boolean starting; // True if the process is being started
long lastActivityTime; // For managing the LRU list//每次updateLruProcessLocked()过程会更新该值
long lastPssTime; // Last time we retrieved PSS data
long nextPssTime; // Next time we want to request PSS data
long lastStateTime; // Last time setProcState changed
long initialIdlePss; // Initial memory pss of process for idle maintenance.
long lastPss; // Last computed memory pss.
long lastSwapPss; // Last computed SwapPss.
long lastCachedPss; // Last computed pss when in cached state.
long lastCachedSwapPss; // Last computed SwapPss when in cached state.
//和oom_adj有关
int maxAdj; // Maximum OOM adjustment for this process 进程的adj上限（adjustment）
int curRawAdj; // Current OOM unlimited adjustment for this process 当前正在计算的adj，这个值有可能大于maxAdj
int setRawAdj; // Last set OOM unlimited adjustment for this process 上次计算的curRawAdj设置到lowmemorykiller系统后的adj
public int curAdj; // Current OOM adjustment for this process 当前正在计算的adj，这是curRawAdj被maxAdj削平的值
int setAdj; // Last set OOM adjustment for this process 上次计算的curAdj设置到lowmemorykiller系统后的adj
int verifiedAdj; // The last adjustment that was verified as actually being set
//和调度优先级有关
int curSchedGroup; // Currently desired scheduling class
int setSchedGroup; // Last set to background scheduling class
int vrThreadTid; // Thread currently set for VR scheduling
//回收内存级别
//默认是80%，ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_COMPLETE
int trimMemoryLevel; // Last selected memory trimming level
//判断该进程的状态，主要和其中运行的Activity，Service有关 ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE
public int curProcState = PROCESS_STATE_NONEXISTENT; // Currently computed process state
int repProcState = PROCESS_STATE_NONEXISTENT; // Last reported process state
int setProcState = PROCESS_STATE_NONEXISTENT; // Last set process state in process tracker
int pssProcState = PROCESS_STATE_NONEXISTENT; // Currently requesting pss for
int savedPriority; // Previous priority value if we're switching to non-SCHED_OTHER
int renderThreadTid; // TID for RenderThread
boolean serviceb; // Process currently is on the service B list
boolean serviceHighRam; // We are forcing to service B list due to its RAM use
boolean notCachedSinceIdle; // Has this process not been in a cached state since last idle?
boolean hasClientActivities; // Are there any client services with activities?
boolean hasStartedServices; // Are there any started services running in this process?
boolean foregroundServices; // Running any services that are foreground?
boolean foregroundActivities; // Running any activities that are foreground?
boolean repForegroundActivities; // Last reported foreground activities.
//这个表示进程是否绑定的activity，通过activities.size的值和visible来判断，如果visible=true，就是false
boolean systemNoUi; // This is a system process, but not currently showing UI.
boolean hasShownUi; // Has UI been shown in this process since it was started?
//显示顶层的ui
boolean hasTopUi; // Is this process currently showing a non-activity UI that the user
// is interacting with? E.g. The status bar when it is expanded, but
// not when it is minimized. When true the
// process will be set to use the ProcessList#SCHED_GROUP_TOP_APP
// scheduling group to boost performance.
boolean hasOverlayUi; // Is the process currently showing a non-activity UI that
// overlays on-top of activity UIs on screen. E.g. display a window
// of type
// android.view.WindowManager.LayoutParams#TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY
// When true the process will oom adj score will be set to
// ProcessList#PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ at minimum to reduce the chance
// of the process getting killed.
boolean pendingUiClean; // Want to clean up resources from showing UI?
boolean hasAboveClient; // Bound using BIND_ABOVE_CLIENT, so want to be lower
boolean treatLikeActivity; // Bound using BIND_TREAT_LIKE_ACTIVITY
//判断该进程的状态，主要和其中运行的Activity，Service有关
boolean bad; // True if disabled in the bad process list 是否处于系统BadProcess列表
public boolean killedByAm; // True when proc has been killed by activity manager, not for RAM//当值为true，意味着该进程是被AMS所杀，而非由于内存低而被LMK所杀
public boolean killed; // True once we know the process has been killed//进程被杀死
boolean procStateChanged; // Keep track of whether we changed 'setAdj'.
boolean reportedInteraction;// Whether we have told usage stats about it being an interaction
boolean unlocked; // True when proc was started in user unlocked state
long interactionEventTime; // The time we sent the last interaction event
long fgInteractionTime; // When we became foreground for interaction purposes
public String waitingToKill; // Process is waiting to be killed when in the bg, and reason
Object forcingToImportant; // Token that is forcing this process to be important
//序号，每次调节进程优先级或者LRU列表位置时，这些序号都会递增
int adjSeq; // Sequence id for identifying oom_adj assignment cycles
int lruSeq; // Sequence id for identifying LRU update cycles
CompatibilityInfo compat; // last used compatibility mode
IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient; // Who is watching for the death.
//activity正在运行
ActiveInstrumentation instr;// Set to currently active instrumentation running in process
boolean usingWrapper; // Set to true when process was launched with a wrapper attached
final ArraySet<BroadcastRecord> curReceivers = new ArraySet<BroadcastRecord>();// receivers currently running in the app
long whenUnimportant; // When (uptime) the process last became unimportant
long lastCpuTime; // How long proc has run CPU at last check
long curCpuTime; // How long proc has run CPU most recently
long lastRequestedGc; // When we last asked the app to do a gc
long lastLowMemory; // When we last told the app that memory is low
long lastProviderTime; // The last time someone else was using a provider in this process.
boolean reportLowMemory; // Set to true when waiting to report low mem
boolean empty; // Is this an empty background process?
boolean cached; // Is this a cached process?
String adjType; // Debugging: primary thing impacting oom_adj.
int adjTypeCode; // Debugging: adj code to report to app.
Object adjSource; // Debugging: option dependent object.
int adjSourceProcState; // Debugging: proc state of adjSource's process.
Object adjTarget; // Debugging: target component impacting oom_adj.
Runnable crashHandler; // Optional local handler to be invoked in the process crash.
// all activities running in the process
final ArrayList<ActivityRecord> activities = new ArrayList<>();
// all ServiceRecord running in this process
final ArraySet<ServiceRecord> services = new ArraySet<>();
// services that are currently executing code (need to remain foreground).
final ArraySet<ServiceRecord> executingServices = new ArraySet<>();
// All ConnectionRecord this process holds
final ArraySet<ConnectionRecord> connections = new ArraySet<>();
// all IIntentReceivers that are registered from this process.
final ArraySet<ReceiverList> receivers = new ArraySet<>();
// class (String) -> ContentProviderRecord
//保持provider
final ArrayMap<String, ContentProviderRecord> pubProviders = new ArrayMap<>();
// All ContentProviderRecord process is using
final ArrayList<ContentProviderConnection> conProviders = new ArrayList<>();
//有相关的class运行在这个进程中
String isolatedEntryPoint; // Class to run on start if this is a special isolated process.
String[] isolatedEntryPointArgs; // Arguments to pass to isolatedEntryPoint's main().
boolean execServicesFg; // do we need to be executing services in the foreground?
boolean persistent; // always keep this application running?//经常不被杀死，杀死也会被系统重新启动
boolean crashing; // are we in the process of crashing?
Dialog crashDialog; // dialog being displayed due to crash.
boolean forceCrashReport; // suppress normal auto-dismiss of crash dialog & report UI?
boolean notResponding; // does the app have a not responding dialog?
Dialog anrDialog; // dialog being displayed due to app not resp.
boolean removed; // has app package been removed from device?
boolean debugging; // was app launched for debugging?
boolean waitedForDebugger; // has process show wait for debugger dialog?
Dialog waitDialog; // current wait for debugger dialog
String shortStringName; // caching of toShortString() result.
String stringName; // caching of toString() resultProcessRecord 记录了进程的所有信息，比如进程名，进程包含的activity ，service以及oom的阈值等有关进程的信息，具体可以看上面的代码块，有关此类的介绍可以看这篇博文：https://blog.csdn.net/tonyandroid1984/article/details/70224827
2.1.3 Process
public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_DEFAULT = 0;
/*
* ***************************************
* ** Keep in sync with utils/threads.h **
* ***************************************
*/
/**
* Lowest available thread priority. Only for those who really, really
* don't want to run if anything else is happening.
* Use with {@link #setThreadPriority(int)} and
* {@link #setThreadPriority(int, int)}, <b>not</b> with the normal
* {@link java.lang.Thread} class.
*/
public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_LOWEST = 19;
/**
* Standard priority background threads. This gives your thread a slightly
* lower than normal priority, so that it will have less chance of impacting
* the responsiveness of the user interface.
* Use with {@link #setThreadPriority(int)} and
* {@link #setThreadPriority(int, int)}, <b>not</b> with the normal
* {@link java.lang.Thread} class.
*/
public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND = 10;
/**
* Standard priority of threads that are currently running a user interface
* that the user is interacting with. Applications can not normally
* change to this priority; the system will automatically adjust your
* application threads as the user moves through the UI.
* Use with {@link #setThreadPriority(int)} and
* {@link #setThreadPriority(int, int)}, <b>not</b> with the normal
* {@link java.lang.Thread} class.
*/
public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND = -2;
/**
* Standard priority of system display threads, involved in updating
* the user interface. Applications can not
* normally change to this priority.
* Use with {@link #setThreadPriority(int)} and
* {@link #setThreadPriority(int, int)}, <b>not</b> with the normal
* {@link java.lang.Thread} class.
*/
public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_DISPLAY = -4;
/**
* Standard priority of the most important display threads, for compositing
* the screen and retrieving input events. Applications can not normally
* change to this priority.
* Use with {@link #setThreadPriority(int)} and
* {@link #setThreadPriority(int, int)}, <b>not</b> with the normal
* {@link java.lang.Thread} class.
*/
public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_URGENT_DISPLAY = -8;
/**
* Standard priority of audio threads. Applications can not normally
* change to this priority.
* Use with {@link #setThreadPriority(int)} and
* {@link #setThreadPriority(int, int)}, <b>not</b> with the normal
* {@link java.lang.Thread} class.
*/
public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_AUDIO = -16;
/**
* Standard priority of the most important audio threads.
* Applications can not normally change to this priority.
* Use with {@link #setThreadPriority(int)} and
* {@link #setThreadPriority(int, int)}, <b>not</b> with the normal
* {@link java.lang.Thread} class.
*/
public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_URGENT_AUDIO = -19;
/**
* Minimum increment to make a priority more favorable.
*/
public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_MORE_FAVORABLE = -1;
/**
* Minimum increment to make a priority less favorable.
*/
public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_LESS_FAVORABLE = +1;
/**
* Default scheduling policy
* @hide
*/
//以下就是进程创建的调度策略
public static final int SCHED_OTHER = 0;
/**
* First-In First-Out scheduling policy
* @hide
*/
public static final int SCHED_FIFO = 1;
/**
* Round-Robin scheduling policy
* @hide
*/
public static final int SCHED_RR = 2;
/**
* Batch scheduling policy
* @hide
*/
public static final int SCHED_BATCH = 3;
/**
* Idle scheduling policy
* @hide
*/
public static final int SCHED_IDLE = 5;
//paid，tid 的获取
public static final int myPid() {
return Os.getpid();
}
/**
* Returns the identifier of this process' parent.
* @hide
*/
public static final int myPpid() {
return Os.getppid();
}
/**
* Returns the identifier of the calling thread, which be used with
* {@link #setThreadPriority(int, int)}.
*/
public static final int myTid() {
return Os.gettid();
}
/**
* Returns the identifier of this process's uid. This is the kernel uid
* that the process is running under, which is the identity of its
* app-specific sandbox. It is different from {@link #myUserHandle} in that
* a uid identifies a specific app sandbox in a specific user.
*/
public static final int myUid() {
return Os.getuid();
}
//设置线程等级，也就是更大的可能获得cpu调度的时间。
public static final native void setThreadPriority(int tid, int priority)
throws IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException;
public static final native void setThreadPriority(int priority)
throws IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException;
//设置线程的调度等级和策略，等级有-20到19 策略有SCHED_OTHER，SCHED_FIFO，SCHED_RR
public static final native void setThreadScheduler(int tid, int policy, int priority)
throws IllegalArgumentException;
//group == THREAD_GROUP_FOREGROUND
public static final native void setProcessGroup(int pid, int group)
throws IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException;
/**
* Return the scheduling group of requested process.
*
* @hide
*/
public static final native int getProcessGroup(int pid)
throws IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException;以上的是代码块并没有包含全部的类信息，只是挑选一些比较重要的字段和函数来说明
2.1.4 updateLruProcessLocked
final void updateLruProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app, boolean activityChange,
ProcessRecord client) {
final boolean hasActivity = app.activities.size() > 0 || app.hasClientActivities
|| app.treatLikeActivity;
final boolean hasService = false; // not impl yet. app.services.size() > 0;
if (!activityChange && hasActivity) {
// The process has activities, so we are only allowing activity-based adjustments
// to move it. It should be kept in the front of the list with other
// processes that have activities, and we don't want those to change their
// order except due to activity operations.
return;
}
mLruSeq++;//每一次调整LRU列表，系统都会分配一个唯一的编号
Log.i("ActivityManagerService-xiao", "updateLruProcessLocked app" +app+",,client :"+client+",activityChange:"+activityChange
+",mLruProcessActivityStart:"+mLruProcessActivityStart+",mLruProcessServiceStart:"+mLruProcessServiceStart);
final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
app.lastActivityTime = now;
// First a quick reject: if the app is already at the position we will
// put it, then there is nothing to do.
if (hasActivity) {//进程包含ativity，并且已经在顶层就不需要调整
final int N = mLruProcesses.size();
if (N > 0 && mLruProcesses.get(N-1) == app) {
if (DEBUG_LRU) Slog.d(TAG_LRU, "Not moving, already top activity: " + app);
return;
}
} else {//服务进程的情况
if (mLruProcessServiceStart > 0
&& mLruProcesses.get(mLruProcessServiceStart-1) == app) {
if (DEBUG_LRU) Slog.d(TAG_LRU, "Not moving, already top other: " + app);
return;
}
}
//获取app在mLruProcesses中的索引位置，如果进程是第一次加入的话lrui=-1
int lrui = mLruProcesses.lastIndexOf(app);
//如果是persistent进程就不做调整
if (app.persistent && lrui >= 0) {
// We don't care about the position of persistent processes, as long as
// they are in the list.
if (DEBUG_LRU) Slog.d(TAG_LRU, "Not moving, persistent: " + app);
return;
}
/* In progress: compute new position first, so we can avoid doing work
if the process is not actually going to move. Not yet working.
int addIndex;
int nextIndex;
boolean inActivity = false, inService = false;
if (hasActivity) {
// Process has activities, put it at the very tipsy-top.
addIndex = mLruProcesses.size();
nextIndex = mLruProcessServiceStart;
inActivity = true;
} else if (hasService) {
// Process has services, put it at the top of the service list.
addIndex = mLruProcessActivityStart;
nextIndex = mLruProcessServiceStart;
inActivity = true;
inService = true;
} else {
// Process not otherwise of interest, it goes to the top of the non-service area.
addIndex = mLruProcessServiceStart;
if (client != null) {
int clientIndex = mLruProcesses.lastIndexOf(client);
if (clientIndex < 0) Slog.d(TAG, "Unknown client " + client + " when updating "
+ app);
if (clientIndex >= 0 && addIndex > clientIndex) {
addIndex = clientIndex;
}
}
nextIndex = addIndex > 0 ? addIndex-1 : addIndex;
}
Slog.d(TAG, "Update LRU at " + lrui + " to " + addIndex + " (act="
+ mLruProcessActivityStart + "): " + app);
*/
if (lrui >= 0) {
if (lrui < mLruProcessActivityStart) {
mLruProcessActivityStart--;
}
if (lrui < mLruProcessServiceStart) {
mLruProcessServiceStart--;
}
/*
if (addIndex > lrui) {
addIndex--;
}
if (nextIndex > lrui) {
nextIndex--;
}
*/
//如果之前有记录，则先从数组中删掉，因为此处需要重新调整位置
mLruProcesses.remove(lrui);
}
/*
mLruProcesses.add(addIndex, app);
if (inActivity) {
mLruProcessActivityStart++;
}
if (inService) {
mLruProcessActivityStart++;
}
*/
int nextIndex;
if (hasActivity) {
final int N = mLruProcesses.size();
//此app进程没有活动的activity，但是其他进程含有此app的activity
if (app.activities.size() == 0 && mLruProcessActivityStart < (N - 1)) {
// Process doesn't have activities, but has clients with
// activities... move it up, but one below the top (the top
// should always have a real activity).
if (DEBUG_LRU) Slog.d(TAG_LRU,
"Adding to second-top of LRU activity list: " + app);
mLruProcesses.add(N - 1, app);//放在第二位
// To keep it from spamming the LRU list (by making a bunch of clients),
// we will push down any other entries owned by the app.
final int uid = app.info.uid;
//如果N-2后的进程与app uid相同就向前移动一位
for (int i = N - 2; i > mLruProcessActivityStart; i--) {
ProcessRecord subProc = mLruProcesses.get(i);
if (subProc.info.uid == uid) {
// We want to push this one down the list. If the process after
// it is for the same uid, however, don't do so, because we don't
// want them internally to be re-ordered.
if (mLruProcesses.get(i - 1).info.uid != uid) {
if (DEBUG_LRU) Slog.d(TAG_LRU,
"Pushing uid " + uid + " swapping at " + i + ": "
+ mLruProcesses.get(i) + " : " + mLruProcesses.get(i - 1));
ProcessRecord tmp = mLruProcesses.get(i);
mLruProcesses.set(i, mLruProcesses.get(i - 1));
mLruProcesses.set(i - 1, tmp);
i--;
}
} else {
// A gap, we can stop here.
break;
}
}
} else {
// Process has activities, put it at the very tipsy-top.
if (DEBUG_LRU) Slog.d(TAG_LRU, "Adding to top of LRU activity list: " + app);
mLruProcesses.add(app);//有activity的进程就放在第第一位
}
nextIndex = mLruProcessServiceStart;
} else if (hasService) {
// Process has services, put it at the top of the service list.
if (DEBUG_LRU) Slog.d(TAG_LRU, "Adding to top of LRU service list: " + app);
mLruProcesses.add(mLruProcessActivityStart, app);
nextIndex = mLruProcessServiceStart;
mLruProcessActivityStart++;
} else {//放在服务的顶层
// Process not otherwise of interest, it goes to the top of the non-service area.
int index = mLruProcessServiceStart;
if (client != null) {
// If there is a client, don't allow the process to be moved up higher
// in the list than that client.
int clientIndex = mLruProcesses.lastIndexOf(client);
if (DEBUG_LRU && clientIndex < 0) Slog.d(TAG_LRU, "Unknown client " + client
+ " when updating " + app);
if (clientIndex <= lrui) {
// Don't allow the client index restriction to push it down farther in the
// list than it already is.
clientIndex = lrui;
}
if (clientIndex >= 0 && index > clientIndex) {
index = clientIndex;
}
}
if (DEBUG_LRU) Slog.d(TAG_LRU, "Adding at " + index + " of LRU list: " + app);
mLruProcesses.add(index, app);
nextIndex = index-1;
mLruProcessActivityStart++;
mLruProcessServiceStart++;
}
// If the app is currently using a content provider or service,
// bump those processes as well.
//如果该将app 绑定到其他service，则要对应调整Service和ContentProvider所在进程的LRU
for (int j=app.connections.size()-1; j>=0; j--) {
ConnectionRecord cr = app.connections.valueAt(j);
if (cr.binding != null && !cr.serviceDead && cr.binding.service != null
&& cr.binding.service.app != null
&& cr.binding.service.app.lruSeq != mLruSeq
&& !cr.binding.service.app.persistent) {
nextIndex = updateLruProcessInternalLocked(cr.binding.service.app, now, nextIndex,
"service connection", cr, app);
}
}
for (int j=app.conProviders.size()-1; j>=0; j--) {
ContentProviderRecord cpr = app.conProviders.get(j).provider;
if (cpr.proc != null && cpr.proc.lruSeq != mLruSeq && !cpr.proc.persistent) {
nextIndex = updateLruProcessInternalLocked(cpr.proc, now, nextIndex,
"provider reference", cpr, app);
}
}
}从以上代码可知，updateLruProcessLocked的主要工作是根据app的lruWeight值调整它在数组中的位置。lruWeight值越大，其在数组中的位置就越靠后。如果该app和某些Service（仅考虑通过bindService建立关系的那些Service）或ContentProvider有交互关系，那么这些Service或ContentProvider所在的进程也需要调节lruWeight值。
2.1.5 updateOomAdjLocked
final void updateOomAdjLocked() {
//在一般情况下，resumedAppLocked返回 mResumedActivity，即当前正处于前台的Activity
final ActivityRecord TOP_ACT = resumedAppLocked();
final ProcessRecord TOP_APP = TOP_ACT != null ? TOP_ACT.app : null;//前台进程
final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
final long nowElapsed = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
final long oldTime = now - ProcessList.MAX_EMPTY_TIME;
final int N = mLruProcesses.size();
Log.i("ActivityManagerService-xiao", "updateOomAdjLocked TOP_ACT:"+TOP_ACT+",TOP_APP:"+TOP_APP+",mLruProcesses.size():"+mLruProcesses.size() );
if (false) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException();
e.fillInStackTrace();
Slog.i(TAG, "updateOomAdj: top=" + TOP_ACT, e);
}
// Reset state in all uid records.
for (int i=mActiveUids.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
final UidRecord uidRec = mActiveUids.valueAt(i);
if (false && DEBUG_UID_OBSERVERS) Slog.i(TAG_UID_OBSERVERS,
"Starting update of " + uidRec);
uidRec.reset();
}
mStackSupervisor.rankTaskLayersIfNeeded();
mAdjSeq++;
mNewNumServiceProcs = 0;
mNewNumAServiceProcs = 0;
final int emptyProcessLimit = mConstants.CUR_MAX_EMPTY_PROCESSES;//系统运行存在最大的空的进程数
final int cachedProcessLimit = mConstants.CUR_MAX_CACHED_PROCESSES - emptyProcessLimit;系统运行存在最大的缓存的进程数
// Let's determine how many processes we have running vs.
// how many slots we have for background processes; we may want
// to put multiple processes in a slot of there are enough of
// them.
/*
下面这几句代码的作用如下：
1 根据hidden adj划分级别，一共有9个级别（即numSlots值）
2 根据mLruProcesses的成员个数计算平均落在各个级别的进程数
*/
//numSlots=3
int numSlots = (ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MAX_ADJ
- ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MIN_ADJ + 1) / 2;
int numEmptyProcs = N - mNumNonCachedProcs - mNumCachedHiddenProcs;
if (numEmptyProcs > cachedProcessLimit) {
// If there are more empty processes than our limit on cached
// processes, then use the cached process limit for the factor.
// This ensures that the really old empty processes get pushed
// down to the bottom, so if we are running low on memory we will
// have a better chance at keeping around more cached processes
// instead of a gazillion empty processes.
numEmptyProcs = cachedProcessLimit;
}
//emptyFactor每组数量 , cachedFactor=mNumCachedHiddenProcs隐藏的进程，近期列表
int emptyFactor = numEmptyProcs/numSlots;//每3个分一组
if (emptyFactor < 1) emptyFactor = 1;
int cachedFactor = (mNumCachedHiddenProcs > 0 ? mNumCachedHiddenProcs : 1)/numSlots;
if (cachedFactor < 1) cachedFactor = 1;
int stepCached = 0;
int stepEmpty = 0;
int numCached = 0;
int numEmpty = 0;
int numTrimming = 0;
mNumNonCachedProcs = 0;
mNumCachedHiddenProcs = 0;
// First update the OOM adjustment for each of the
// application processes based on their current state.
int curCachedAdj = ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MIN_ADJ;
int nextCachedAdj = curCachedAdj+1;
int curEmptyAdj = ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MIN_ADJ;
int nextEmptyAdj = curEmptyAdj+2;
for (int i=N-1; i>=0; i--) {
ProcessRecord app = mLruProcesses.get(i);
if (!app.killedByAm && app.thread != null) {//进程还活着，没有被杀死
app.procStateChanged = false;
computeOomAdjLocked(app, ProcessList.UNKNOWN_ADJ, TOP_APP, true, now);
// If we haven't yet assigned the final cached adj
// to the process, do that now.
//app.curAdj >= ProcessList.UNKNOWN_ADJ的情况
if (app.curAdj >= ProcessList.UNKNOWN_ADJ) {
switch (app.curProcState) {
case ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_ACTIVITY:
case ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_ACTIVITY_CLIENT:
// This process is a cached process holding activities...
// assign it the next cached value for that type, and then
// step that cached level.
app.curRawAdj = curCachedAdj;
app.curAdj = app.modifyRawOomAdj(curCachedAdj);
if (DEBUG_LRU && false) Slog.d(TAG_LRU, "Assigning activity LRU #" + i
+ " adj: " + app.curAdj + " (curCachedAdj=" + curCachedAdj
+ ")");
if (curCachedAdj != nextCachedAdj) {
stepCached++;
if (stepCached >= cachedFactor) {
stepCached = 0;
curCachedAdj = nextCachedAdj;
nextCachedAdj += 2;
if (nextCachedAdj > ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MAX_ADJ) {
nextCachedAdj = ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MAX_ADJ;
}
}
}
break;
default:
// For everything else, assign next empty cached process
// level and bump that up. Note that this means that
// long-running services that have dropped down to the
// cached level will be treated as empty (since their process
// state is still as a service), which is what we want.
app.curRawAdj = curEmptyAdj;
app.curAdj = app.modifyRawOomAdj(curEmptyAdj);
if (DEBUG_LRU && false) Slog.d(TAG_LRU, "Assigning empty LRU #" + i
+ " adj: " + app.curAdj + " (curEmptyAdj=" + curEmptyAdj
+ ")");
if (curEmptyAdj != nextEmptyAdj) {
stepEmpty++;
if (stepEmpty >= emptyFactor) {
stepEmpty = 0;
curEmptyAdj = nextEmptyAdj;
nextEmptyAdj += 2;
if (nextEmptyAdj > ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MAX_ADJ) {
nextEmptyAdj = ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MAX_ADJ;
}
}
}
break;
}
}
applyOomAdjLocked(app, true, now, nowElapsed);
// Count the number of process types.
//计算隐藏Hidden的进程数量，计算的目的是为了判断这个进程是否超过数量
switch (app.curProcState) {
case ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_ACTIVITY:
case ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_ACTIVITY_CLIENT:
mNumCachedHiddenProcs++;
numCached++;
//如果隐藏的数量大于限制就会被杀死
if (numCached > cachedProcessLimit) {
app.kill("cached #" + numCached, true);
}
break;
case ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_EMPTY:
//空进程数量
if (numEmpty > mConstants.CUR_TRIM_EMPTY_PROCESSES
&& app.lastActivityTime < oldTime) {
app.kill("empty for "
+ ((oldTime + ProcessList.MAX_EMPTY_TIME - app.lastActivityTime)
/ 1000) + "s", true);
} else {
numEmpty++;
if (numEmpty > emptyProcessLimit) {
app.kill("empty #" + numEmpty, true);
}
}
break;
default:
mNumNonCachedProcs++;
break;
}
//独立的进程，并且还没有绑定service， app.isolatedEntryPoint是表示有没有相关的运行代码
if (app.isolated && app.services.size() <= 0 && app.isolatedEntryPoint == null) {
// If this is an isolated process, there are no services
// running in it, and it's not a special process with a
// custom entry point, then the process is no longer
// needed. We agressively kill these because we can by
// definition not re-use the same process again, and it is
// good to avoid having whatever code was running in them
// left sitting around after no longer needed.
app.kill("isolated not needed", true);
} else {
// Keeping this process, update its uid.
final UidRecord uidRec = app.uidRecord;
if (uidRec != null) {
uidRec.ephemeral = app.info.isInstantApp();
if (uidRec.curProcState > app.curProcState) {
uidRec.curProcState = app.curProcState;
}
if (app.foregroundServices) {
uidRec.foregroundServices = true;
}
}
}
if (app.curProcState >= ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_HOME
&& !app.killedByAm) {
numTrimming++;
}
}
}
incrementProcStateSeqAndNotifyAppsLocked();
mNumServiceProcs = mNewNumServiceProcs;
// Now determine the memory trimming level of background processes.
// Unfortunately we need to start at the back of the list to do this
// properly. We only do this if the number of background apps we
// are managing to keep around is less than half the maximum we desire;
// if we are keeping a good number around, we'll let them use whatever
// memory they want.
final int numCachedAndEmpty = numCached + numEmpty;
int memFactor;//内存状态
if (numCached <= mConstants.CUR_TRIM_CACHED_PROCESSES
&& numEmpty <= mConstants.CUR_TRIM_EMPTY_PROCESSES) {
if (numCachedAndEmpty <= ProcessList.TRIM_CRITICAL_THRESHOLD) {
memFactor = ProcessStats.ADJ_MEM_FACTOR_CRITICAL;
} else if (numCachedAndEmpty <= ProcessList.TRIM_LOW_THRESHOLD) {
memFactor = ProcessStats.ADJ_MEM_FACTOR_LOW;
} else {
memFactor = ProcessStats.ADJ_MEM_FACTOR_MODERATE;
}
} else {
memFactor = ProcessStats.ADJ_MEM_FACTOR_NORMAL;
}
// We always allow the memory level to go up (better). We only allow it to go
// down if we are in a state where that is allowed, *and* the total number of processes
// has gone down since last time.
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) Slog.d(TAG_OOM_ADJ, "updateOomAdjLocked oom: memFactor=" + memFactor
+ " last=" + mLastMemoryLevel + " allowLow=" + mAllowLowerMemLevel
+ " numProcs=" + mLruProcesses.size() + " last=" + mLastNumProcesses);
Log.d("ActivityManagerService-xiao", "oom: memFactor=" + memFactor
+ " last=" + mLastMemoryLevel + " allowLow=" + mAllowLowerMemLevel
+ " numProcs=" + mLruProcesses.size() + " last=" + mLastNumProcesses);
if (memFactor > mLastMemoryLevel) {
if (!mAllowLowerMemLevel || mLruProcesses.size() >= mLastNumProcesses) {
memFactor = mLastMemoryLevel;
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) Slog.d(TAG_OOM_ADJ, "Keeping last mem factor!");
}
}
if (memFactor != mLastMemoryLevel) {
EventLogTags.writeAmMemFactor(memFactor, mLastMemoryLevel);
}
mLastMemoryLevel = memFactor;
mLastNumProcesses = mLruProcesses.size();
boolean allChanged = mProcessStats.setMemFactorLocked(memFactor, !isSleepingLocked(), now);
final int trackerMemFactor = mProcessStats.getMemFactorLocked();
if (memFactor != ProcessStats.ADJ_MEM_FACTOR_NORMAL) {
if (mLowRamStartTime == 0) {
mLowRamStartTime = now;
}
int step = 0;
int fgTrimLevel;
switch (memFactor) {
case ProcessStats.ADJ_MEM_FACTOR_CRITICAL:
fgTrimLevel = ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_RUNNING_CRITICAL;
break;
case ProcessStats.ADJ_MEM_FACTOR_LOW:
fgTrimLevel = ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_RUNNING_LOW;
break;
default:
fgTrimLevel = ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_RUNNING_MODERATE;
break;
}
//根据mLruProcesses的成员个数计算平均落在各个级别的进程数（即factor值）
int factor = numTrimming/3;
int minFactor = 2;
if (mHomeProcess != null) minFactor++;
if (mPreviousProcess != null) minFactor++;
if (factor < minFactor) factor = minFactor;
int curLevel = ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_COMPLETE;
//下面是计算触发GC的内存阈值
for (int i=N-1; i>=0; i--) {
ProcessRecord app = mLruProcesses.get(i);
if (allChanged || app.procStateChanged) {
setProcessTrackerStateLocked(app, trackerMemFactor, now);
app.procStateChanged = false;
}
if (app.curProcState >= ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_HOME
&& !app.killedByAm) {
if (app.trimMemoryLevel < curLevel && app.thread != null) {
try {
if (DEBUG_SWITCH || DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) Slog.v(TAG_OOM_ADJ,
"Trimming memory of " + app.processName + " to " + curLevel);
app.thread.scheduleTrimMemory(curLevel);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
if (false) {
// For now we won't do this; our memory trimming seems
// to be good enough at this point that destroying
// activities causes more harm than good.
if (curLevel >= ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_COMPLETE
&& app != mHomeProcess && app != mPreviousProcess) {
// Need to do this on its own message because the stack may not
// be in a consistent state at this point.
// For these apps we will also finish their activities
// to help them free memory.
mStackSupervisor.scheduleDestroyAllActivities(app, "trim");
}
}
}
app.trimMemoryLevel = curLevel;
step++;
if (step >= factor) {
step = 0;
switch (curLevel) {
case ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_COMPLETE:
curLevel = ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_MODERATE;
break;
case ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_MODERATE:
curLevel = ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_BACKGROUND;
break;
}
}
} else if (app.curProcState == ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_HEAVY_WEIGHT) {
if (app.trimMemoryLevel < ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_BACKGROUND
&& app.thread != null) {
try {
if (DEBUG_SWITCH || DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) Slog.v(TAG_OOM_ADJ,
"Trimming memory of heavy-weight " + app.processName
+ " to " + ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_BACKGROUND);
app.thread.scheduleTrimMemory(
ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_BACKGROUND);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
}
app.trimMemoryLevel = ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_BACKGROUND;
} else {
if ((app.curProcState >= ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_IMPORTANT_BACKGROUND
|| app.systemNoUi) && app.pendingUiClean) {
// If this application is now in the background and it
// had done UI, then give it the special trim level to
// have it free UI resources.
final int level = ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_UI_HIDDEN;
if (app.trimMemoryLevel < level && app.thread != null) {
try {
if (DEBUG_SWITCH || DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) Slog.v(TAG_OOM_ADJ,
"Trimming memory of bg-ui " + app.processName
+ " to " + level);
app.thread.scheduleTrimMemory(level);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
}
app.pendingUiClean = false;
}
if (app.trimMemoryLevel < fgTrimLevel && app.thread != null) {
try {
if (DEBUG_SWITCH || DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) Slog.v(TAG_OOM_ADJ,
"Trimming memory of fg " + app.processName
+ " to " + fgTrimLevel);
app.thread.scheduleTrimMemory(fgTrimLevel);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
}
app.trimMemoryLevel = fgTrimLevel;
}
}
} else {
if (mLowRamStartTime != 0) {
mLowRamTimeSinceLastIdle += now - mLowRamStartTime;
mLowRamStartTime = 0;
}
for (int i=N-1; i>=0; i--) {
ProcessRecord app = mLruProcesses.get(i);
if (allChanged || app.procStateChanged) {
setProcessTrackerStateLocked(app, trackerMemFactor, now);
app.procStateChanged = false;
}
if ((app.curProcState >= ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_IMPORTANT_BACKGROUND
|| app.systemNoUi) && app.pendingUiClean) {
if (app.trimMemoryLevel < ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_UI_HIDDEN
&& app.thread != null) {
try {
if (DEBUG_SWITCH || DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) Slog.v(TAG_OOM_ADJ,
"Trimming memory of ui hidden " + app.processName
+ " to " + ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_UI_HIDDEN);
app.thread.scheduleTrimMemory(
ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_UI_HIDDEN);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
}
app.pendingUiClean = false;
}
app.trimMemoryLevel = 0;
}
}
if (mAlwaysFinishActivities) {
// Need to do this on its own message because the stack may not
// be in a consistent state at this point.
mStackSupervisor.scheduleDestroyAllActivities(null, "always-finish");
}
if (allChanged) {
requestPssAllProcsLocked(now, false, mProcessStats.isMemFactorLowered());
}
ArrayList<UidRecord> becameIdle = null;
// Update from any uid changes.
if (mLocalPowerManager != null) {
mLocalPowerManager.startUidChanges();
}
for (int i=mActiveUids.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
final UidRecord uidRec = mActiveUids.valueAt(i);
int uidChange = UidRecord.CHANGE_PROCSTATE;
if (uidRec.curProcState != ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_NONEXISTENT
&& (uidRec.setProcState != uidRec.curProcState
|| uidRec.setWhitelist != uidRec.curWhitelist)) {
if (DEBUG_UID_OBSERVERS) Slog.i(TAG_UID_OBSERVERS,
"Changes in " + uidRec + ": proc state from " + uidRec.setProcState
+ " to " + uidRec.curProcState + ", whitelist from " + uidRec.setWhitelist
+ " to " + uidRec.curWhitelist);
if (ActivityManager.isProcStateBackground(uidRec.curProcState)
&& !uidRec.curWhitelist) {
// UID is now in the background (and not on the temp whitelist). Was it
// previously in the foreground (or on the temp whitelist)?
if (!ActivityManager.isProcStateBackground(uidRec.setProcState)
|| uidRec.setWhitelist) {
uidRec.lastBackgroundTime = nowElapsed;
if (!mHandler.hasMessages(IDLE_UIDS_MSG)) {
// Note: the background settle time is in elapsed realtime, while
// the handler time base is uptime. All this means is that we may
// stop background uids later than we had intended, but that only
// happens because the device was sleeping so we are okay anyway.
mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(IDLE_UIDS_MSG,
mConstants.BACKGROUND_SETTLE_TIME);
}
}
if (uidRec.idle && !uidRec.setIdle) {
uidChange = UidRecord.CHANGE_IDLE;
if (becameIdle == null) {
becameIdle = new ArrayList<>();
}
becameIdle.add(uidRec);
}
} else {
if (uidRec.idle) {
uidChange = UidRecord.CHANGE_ACTIVE;
EventLogTags.writeAmUidActive(uidRec.uid);
uidRec.idle = false;
}
uidRec.lastBackgroundTime = 0;
}
final boolean wasCached = uidRec.setProcState
> ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_RECEIVER;
final boolean isCached = uidRec.curProcState
> ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_RECEIVER;
if (wasCached != isCached ||
uidRec.setProcState == ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_NONEXISTENT) {
uidChange |= isCached ? UidRecord.CHANGE_CACHED : UidRecord.CHANGE_UNCACHED;
}
uidRec.setProcState = uidRec.curProcState;
uidRec.setWhitelist = uidRec.curWhitelist;
uidRec.setIdle = uidRec.idle;
enqueueUidChangeLocked(uidRec, -1, uidChange);
noteUidProcessState(uidRec.uid, uidRec.curProcState);
if (uidRec.foregroundServices) {
mServices.foregroundServiceProcStateChangedLocked(uidRec);
}
}
}
if (mLocalPowerManager != null) {
mLocalPowerManager.finishUidChanges();
}
if (becameIdle != null) {
// If we have any new uids that became idle this time, we need to make sure
// they aren't left with running services.
for (int i = becameIdle.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
mServices.stopInBackgroundLocked(becameIdle.get(i).uid);
}
}
if (mProcessStats.shouldWriteNowLocked(now)) {
mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
@Override public void run() {
synchronized (ActivityManagerService.this) {
mProcessStats.writeStateAsyncLocked();
}
}
});
}
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) {
final long duration = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - now;
if (false) {
Slog.d(TAG_OOM_ADJ, "Did OOM ADJ in " + duration + "ms",
new RuntimeException("here").fillInStackTrace());
} else {
Slog.d(TAG_OOM_ADJ, "Did OOM ADJ in " + duration + "ms");
}
}
}上面的代码中涉及到两个比较重要的函数computeOomAdjLocked和applyOomAdjLocked从名字大概就能猜出来他们的作用，一个计算adj的值，一个是以及计算出来adj的值来判断此app是否需要内存回收。computeOomAdjLocked后面会详讲。
上面函数主要是根据computeOomAdjLocked计算的进程adj值和curProcState来杀死一些隐藏或者空的进程。依据空进程的数量多少来判断内存的状态最后来判断是否需要GC
2.1.6 computeOomAdjLocked
private final int computeOomAdjLocked(ProcessRecord app, int cachedAdj, ProcessRecord TOP_APP,
boolean doingAll, long now) {
if (mAdjSeq == app.adjSeq) {
// This adjustment has already been computed.
return app.curRawAdj;
}
if (app.thread == null) {
app.adjSeq = mAdjSeq;
app.curSchedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_BACKGROUND;
app.curProcState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_EMPTY;
return (app.curAdj=app.curRawAdj=ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MAX_ADJ);
}
app.adjTypeCode = ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.REASON_UNKNOWN;
app.adjSource = null;
app.adjTarget = null;
app.empty = false;
app.cached = false;
final int activitiesSize = app.activities.size();//该应用进程包含Activity的个数
//如果maxAdj小于FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ，这类进程优先级相当高,一般属于系统进程
if (app.maxAdj <= ProcessList.FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ) {
// The max adjustment doesn't allow this app to be anything
// below foreground, so it is not worth doing work for it.
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Making fixed: " + app);
app.adjType = "fixed";
app.adjSeq = mAdjSeq;
app.curRawAdj = app.maxAdj;
app.foregroundActivities = false;
app.curSchedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_DEFAULT;
app.curProcState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_PERSISTENT;//persistent进程
// System processes can do UI, and when they do we want to have
// them trim their memory after the user leaves the UI. To
// facilitate this, here we need to determine whether or not it
// is currently showing UI.
app.systemNoUi = true;
if (app == TOP_APP) {//如果app在顶层，那就说明此进程具有UI，systemNoUi=false并且重新设置进程组
app.systemNoUi = false;
app.curSchedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_TOP_APP;
app.adjType = "pers-top-activity";
} else if (app.hasTopUi) {
app.systemNoUi = false;
app.curSchedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_TOP_APP;
app.adjType = "pers-top-ui";
} else if (activitiesSize > 0) {
for (int j = 0; j < activitiesSize; j++) {
final ActivityRecord r = app.activities.get(j);
if (r.visible) {
app.systemNoUi = false;
}
}
}
if (!app.systemNoUi) {
app.curProcState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_PERSISTENT_UI;
}
return (app.curAdj=app.maxAdj);
}
app.systemNoUi = false;
final int PROCESS_STATE_CUR_TOP = mTopProcessState;
// Determine the importance of the process, starting with most
// important to least, and assign an appropriate OOM adjustment.
int adj;
int schedGroup;
int procState;
boolean foregroundActivities = false;
mTmpBroadcastQueue.clear();
//如果app为前台Activity所在的那个应用进程
if (app == TOP_APP) {
// The last app on the list is the foreground app.
adj = ProcessList.FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ;
schedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_TOP_APP;
app.adjType = "top-activity";
foregroundActivities = true;
procState = PROCESS_STATE_CUR_TOP;
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Making top: " + app);
} else if (app.instr != null) {//activity正在启动，但是没有在最前台
// Don't want to kill running instrumentation.
adj = ProcessList.FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ;
schedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_DEFAULT;
app.adjType = "instrumentation";
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Making instrumentation: " + app);
} else if (isReceivingBroadcastLocked(app, mTmpBroadcastQueue)) {
// An app that is currently receiving a broadcast also
// counts as being in the foreground for OOM killer purposes.
// It's placed in a sched group based on the nature of the
// broadcast as reflected by which queue it's active in.
//此情况对应正在执行onReceive函数的广播接收者所在进程，它的优先级也很高
adj = ProcessList.FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ;
schedGroup = (mTmpBroadcastQueue.contains(mFgBroadcastQueue))
? ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_DEFAULT : ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_BACKGROUND;
app.adjType = "broadcast";
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_RECEIVER;
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Making broadcast: " + app);
} else if (app.executingServices.size() > 0) {
// An app that is currently executing a service callback also
// counts as being in the foreground.
//正在执行Service生命周期函数的进程
adj = ProcessList.FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ;
schedGroup = app.execServicesFg ?
ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_DEFAULT : ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_BACKGROUND;
app.adjType = "exec-service";
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_SERVICE;
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Making exec-service: " + app);
//Slog.i(TAG, "EXEC " + (app.execServicesFg ? "FG" : "BG") + ": " + app);
} else {
// As far as we know the process is empty. We may change our mind later.
//其他的都是后台进程
schedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_BACKGROUND;
// At this point we don't actually know the adjustment. Use the cached adj
// value that the caller wants us to.
adj = cachedAdj;
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_EMPTY;
app.cached = true;
app.empty = true;
app.adjType = "cch-empty";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Making empty: " + app);
}
// Examine all activities if not already foreground.
//检查进程中无前台Activity所在进程的处理
if (!foregroundActivities && activitiesSize > 0) {
int minLayer = ProcessList.VISIBLE_APP_LAYER_MAX;
for (int j = 0; j < activitiesSize; j++) {
final ActivityRecord r = app.activities.get(j);
if (r.app != app) {
Log.e(TAG, "Found activity " + r + " in proc activity list using " + r.app
+ " instead of expected " + app);
if (r.app == null || (r.app.uid == app.uid)) {
// Only fix things up when they look sane
r.app = app;
} else {
continue;
}
}
if (r.visible) {
// App has a visible activity; only upgrade adjustment.
//纠正一个可见的app 进程adj的值以及procState的值
if (adj > ProcessList.VISIBLE_APP_ADJ) {
adj = ProcessList.VISIBLE_APP_ADJ;
app.adjType = "vis-activity";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to vis-activity: " + app);
}
if (procState > PROCESS_STATE_CUR_TOP) {
procState = PROCESS_STATE_CUR_TOP;
app.adjType = "vis-activity";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to vis-activity: " + app);
}
schedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_DEFAULT;
app.cached = false;
app.empty = false;
foregroundActivities = true;
final TaskRecord task = r.getTask();
if (task != null && minLayer > 0) {
final int layer = task.mLayerRank;
if (layer >= 0 && minLayer > layer) {
minLayer = layer;
}
}
break;
} else if (r.state == ActivityState.PAUSING || r.state == ActivityState.PAUSED) {
if (adj > ProcessList.PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ) {//暂停状态
adj = ProcessList.PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ;
app.adjType = "pause-activity";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to pause-activity: " + app);
}
if (procState > PROCESS_STATE_CUR_TOP) {
procState = PROCESS_STATE_CUR_TOP;
app.adjType = "pause-activity";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to pause-activity: " + app);
}
schedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_DEFAULT;
app.cached = false;
app.empty = false;
foregroundActivities = true;
} else if (r.state == ActivityState.STOPPING) {//停止状态
if (adj > ProcessList.PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ) {
adj = ProcessList.PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ;
app.adjType = "stop-activity";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to stop-activity: " + app);
}
// For the process state, we will at this point consider the
// process to be cached. It will be cached either as an activity
// or empty depending on whether the activity is finishing. We do
// this so that we can treat the process as cached for purposes of
// memory trimming (determing current memory level, trim command to
// send to process) since there can be an arbitrary number of stopping
// processes and they should soon all go into the cached state.
if (!r.finishing) {//停止但是还没有finish
if (procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_LAST_ACTIVITY) {
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_LAST_ACTIVITY;
app.adjType = "stop-activity";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to stop-activity: " + app);
}
}
app.cached = false;
app.empty = false;
foregroundActivities = true;
} else {
if (procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_ACTIVITY) {
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_ACTIVITY;
app.adjType = "cch-act";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to cached activity: " + app);
}
}
}
if (adj == ProcessList.VISIBLE_APP_ADJ) {
adj += minLayer;
}
}
//刚刚暂停，进程状态是前台服务，比如music
if (adj > ProcessList.PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ
|| procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE) {
if (app.foregroundServices) {//前台服务
// The user is aware of this app, so make it visible.
adj = ProcessList.PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ;
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
app.cached = false;
app.adjType = "fg-service";
schedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_DEFAULT;
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to fg service: " + app);
} else if (app.hasOverlayUi) {//有UI的但是目前又不可见
// The process is display an overlay UI.
adj = ProcessList.PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ;
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_IMPORTANT_FOREGROUND;
app.cached = false;
app.adjType = "has-overlay-ui";
schedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_DEFAULT;
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to overlay ui: " + app);
}
}
//刚暂停但是后台服务还在运行，
if (adj > ProcessList.PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ
|| procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TRANSIENT_BACKGROUND) {
if (app.forcingToImportant != null) {
// This is currently used for toasts... they are not interactive, and
// we don't want them to cause the app to become fully foreground (and
// thus out of background check), so we yes the best background level we can.
adj = ProcessList.PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ;
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TRANSIENT_BACKGROUND;
app.cached = false;
app.adjType = "force-imp";
app.adjSource = app.forcingToImportant;
schedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_DEFAULT;
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to force imp: " + app);
}
}
//如果进程是heavy-weight 进程
if (app == mHeavyWeightProcess) {
if (adj > ProcessList.HEAVY_WEIGHT_APP_ADJ) {
// We don't want to kill the current heavy-weight process.
adj = ProcessList.HEAVY_WEIGHT_APP_ADJ;
schedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_BACKGROUND;
app.cached = false;
app.adjType = "heavy";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to heavy: " + app);
}
if (procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_HEAVY_WEIGHT) {
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_HEAVY_WEIGHT;
app.adjType = "heavy";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to heavy: " + app);
}
}
//如果前面计算出来的adj大于HOME_APP_ADJ，并且该进程又是Home进程，则需要重新调整
if (app == mHomeProcess) {
if (adj > ProcessList.HOME_APP_ADJ) {
// This process is hosting what we currently consider to be the
// home app, so we don't want to let it go into the background.
adj = ProcessList.HOME_APP_ADJ;
schedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_BACKGROUND;
app.cached = false;
app.adjType = "home";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to home: " + app);
}
if (procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_HOME) {
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_HOME;
app.adjType = "home";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to home: " + app);
}
}
//上次运行的app，就是显示在近期列表里面
if (app == mPreviousProcess && app.activities.size() > 0) {
if (adj > ProcessList.PREVIOUS_APP_ADJ) {
// This was the previous process that showed UI to the user.
// We want to try to keep it around more aggressively, to give
// a good experience around switching between two apps.
adj = ProcessList.PREVIOUS_APP_ADJ;
schedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_BACKGROUND;
app.cached = false;
app.adjType = "previous";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to prev: " + app);
}
if (procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_LAST_ACTIVITY) {
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_LAST_ACTIVITY;
app.adjType = "previous";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to prev: " + app);
}
}
if (false) Slog.i(TAG, "OOM " + app + ": initial adj=" + adj
+ " reason=" + app.adjType);
// By default, we use the computed adjustment. It may be changed if
// there are applications dependent on our services or providers, but
// this gives us a baseline and makes sure we don't get into an
// infinite recursion.
app.adjSeq = mAdjSeq;
app.curRawAdj = adj;
app.hasStartedServices = false;
//后台进程
if (mBackupTarget != null && app == mBackupTarget.app) {
// If possible we want to avoid killing apps while they're being backed up
if (adj > ProcessList.BACKUP_APP_ADJ) {
if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Slog.v(TAG_BACKUP, "oom BACKUP_APP_ADJ for " + app);
adj = ProcessList.BACKUP_APP_ADJ;
if (procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TRANSIENT_BACKGROUND) {
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TRANSIENT_BACKGROUND;
}
app.adjType = "backup";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to backup: " + app);
app.cached = false;
}
if (procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BACKUP) {
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BACKUP;
app.adjType = "backup";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to backup: " + app);
}
}
boolean mayBeTop = false;
String mayBeTopType = null;
Object mayBeTopSource = null;
Object mayBeTopTarget = null;
//下面这几段代码处理那些进程中含有Service，ContentProvider组件情况下的adj调节
for (int is = app.services.size()-1;
is >= 0 && (adj > ProcessList.FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ
|| schedGroup == ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_BACKGROUND
|| procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP);
is--) {
ServiceRecord s = app.services.valueAt(is);
if (s.startRequested) {
app.hasStartedServices = true;
if (procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_SERVICE) {
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_SERVICE;
app.adjType = "started-services";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to started service: " + app);
}
if (app.hasShownUi && app != mHomeProcess) {
// If this process has shown some UI, let it immediately
// go to the LRU list because it may be pretty heavy with
// UI stuff. We'll tag it with a label just to help
// debug and understand what is going on.
if (adj > ProcessList.SERVICE_ADJ) {
app.adjType = "cch-started-ui-services";
}
} else {
if (now < (s.lastActivity + mConstants.MAX_SERVICE_INACTIVITY)) {
// This service has seen some activity within
// recent memory, so we will keep its process ahead
// of the background processes.
if (adj > ProcessList.SERVICE_ADJ) {
adj = ProcessList.SERVICE_ADJ;
app.adjType = "started-services";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to started service: " + app);
app.cached = false;
}
}
// If we have let the service slide into the background
// state, still have some text describing what it is doing
// even though the service no longer has an impact.
if (adj > ProcessList.SERVICE_ADJ) {
app.adjType = "cch-started-services";
}
}
}
for (int conni = s.connections.size()-1;
conni >= 0 && (adj > ProcessList.FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ
|| schedGroup == ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_BACKGROUND
|| procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP);
conni--) {
ArrayList<ConnectionRecord> clist = s.connections.valueAt(conni);
for (int i = 0;
i < clist.size() && (adj > ProcessList.FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ
|| schedGroup == ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_BACKGROUND
|| procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP);
i++) {
// XXX should compute this based on the max of
// all connected clients.
ConnectionRecord cr = clist.get(i);
if (cr.binding.client == app) {
// Binding to ourself is not interesting.
continue;
}
if ((cr.flags&Context.BIND_WAIVE_PRIORITY) == 0) {
ProcessRecord client = cr.binding.client;
int clientAdj = computeOomAdjLocked(client, cachedAdj,
TOP_APP, doingAll, now);
int clientProcState = client.curProcState;
if (clientProcState >= ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_ACTIVITY) {
// If the other app is cached for any reason, for purposes here
// we are going to consider it empty. The specific cached state
// doesn't propagate except under certain conditions.
clientProcState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_EMPTY;
}
String adjType = null;
if ((cr.flags&Context.BIND_ALLOW_OOM_MANAGEMENT) != 0) {
// Not doing bind OOM management, so treat
// this guy more like a started service.
if (app.hasShownUi && app != mHomeProcess) {
// If this process has shown some UI, let it immediately
// go to the LRU list because it may be pretty heavy with
// UI stuff. We'll tag it with a label just to help
// debug and understand what is going on.
if (adj > clientAdj) {
adjType = "cch-bound-ui-services";
}
app.cached = false;
clientAdj = adj;
clientProcState = procState;
} else {
if (now >= (s.lastActivity + mConstants.MAX_SERVICE_INACTIVITY)) {
// This service has not seen activity within
// recent memory, so allow it to drop to the
// LRU list if there is no other reason to keep
// it around. We'll also tag it with a label just
// to help debug and undertand what is going on.
if (adj > clientAdj) {
adjType = "cch-bound-services";
}
clientAdj = adj;
}
}
}
if (adj > clientAdj) {
// If this process has recently shown UI, and
// the process that is binding to it is less
// important than being visible, then we don't
// care about the binding as much as we care
// about letting this process get into the LRU
// list to be killed and restarted if needed for
// memory.
if (app.hasShownUi && app != mHomeProcess
&& clientAdj > ProcessList.PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ) {
if (adj >= ProcessList.CACHED_APP_MIN_ADJ) {
adjType = "cch-bound-ui-services";
}
} else {
int newAdj;
if ((cr.flags&(Context.BIND_ABOVE_CLIENT
|Context.BIND_IMPORTANT)) != 0) {
newAdj = clientAdj >= ProcessList.PERSISTENT_SERVICE_ADJ
? clientAdj : ProcessList.PERSISTENT_SERVICE_ADJ;
} else if ((cr.flags&Context.BIND_NOT_VISIBLE) != 0
&& clientAdj < ProcessList.PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ
&& adj > ProcessList.PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ) {
newAdj = ProcessList.PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ;
} else if (clientAdj >= ProcessList.PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ) {
newAdj = clientAdj;
} else {
if (adj > ProcessList.VISIBLE_APP_ADJ) {
newAdj = Math.max(clientAdj, ProcessList.VISIBLE_APP_ADJ);
} else {
newAdj = adj;
}
}
if (!client.cached) {
app.cached = false;
}
if (adj > newAdj) {
adj = newAdj;
adjType = "service";
}
}
}
if ((cr.flags & (Context.BIND_NOT_FOREGROUND
| Context.BIND_IMPORTANT_BACKGROUND)) == 0) {
// This will treat important bound services identically to
// the top app, which may behave differently than generic
// foreground work.
if (client.curSchedGroup > schedGroup) {
if ((cr.flags&Context.BIND_IMPORTANT) != 0) {
schedGroup = client.curSchedGroup;
} else {
schedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_DEFAULT;
}
}
if (clientProcState <= ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP) {
if (clientProcState == ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP) {
// Special handling of clients who are in the top state.
// We *may* want to consider this process to be in the
// top state as well, but only if there is not another
// reason for it to be running. Being on the top is a
// special state, meaning you are specifically running
// for the current top app. If the process is already
// running in the background for some other reason, it
// is more important to continue considering it to be
// in the background state.
mayBeTop = true;
mayBeTopType = "service";
mayBeTopSource = cr.binding.client;
mayBeTopTarget = s.name;
clientProcState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_EMPTY;
} else {
// Special handling for above-top states (persistent
// processes). These should not bring the current process
// into the top state, since they are not on top. Instead
// give them the best state after that.
if ((cr.flags&Context.BIND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE) != 0) {
clientProcState =
ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
} else if (mWakefulness
== PowerManagerInternal.WAKEFULNESS_AWAKE &&
(cr.flags&Context.BIND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE_WHILE_AWAKE)
!= 0) {
clientProcState =
ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
} else {
clientProcState =
ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_IMPORTANT_FOREGROUND;
}
}
}
} else if ((cr.flags & Context.BIND_IMPORTANT_BACKGROUND) == 0) {
if (clientProcState <
ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TRANSIENT_BACKGROUND) {
clientProcState =
ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TRANSIENT_BACKGROUND;
}
} else {
if (clientProcState <
ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_IMPORTANT_BACKGROUND) {
clientProcState =
ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_IMPORTANT_BACKGROUND;
}
}
if (procState > clientProcState) {
procState = clientProcState;
if (adjType == null) {
adjType = "service";
}
}
if (procState < ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_IMPORTANT_BACKGROUND
&& (cr.flags&Context.BIND_SHOWING_UI) != 0) {
app.pendingUiClean = true;
}
if (adjType != null) {
app.adjType = adjType;
app.adjTypeCode = ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo
.REASON_SERVICE_IN_USE;
app.adjSource = cr.binding.client;
app.adjSourceProcState = clientProcState;
app.adjTarget = s.name;
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to " + adjType
+ ": " + app + ", due to " + cr.binding.client
+ " adj=" + adj + " procState=" + procState);
}
}
if ((cr.flags&Context.BIND_TREAT_LIKE_ACTIVITY) != 0) {
app.treatLikeActivity = true;
}
final ActivityRecord a = cr.activity;
if ((cr.flags&Context.BIND_ADJUST_WITH_ACTIVITY) != 0) {
if (a != null && adj > ProcessList.FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ &&
(a.visible || a.state == ActivityState.RESUMED ||
a.state == ActivityState.PAUSING)) {
adj = ProcessList.FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ;
if ((cr.flags&Context.BIND_NOT_FOREGROUND) == 0) {
if ((cr.flags&Context.BIND_IMPORTANT) != 0) {
schedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_TOP_APP_BOUND;
} else {
schedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_DEFAULT;
}
}
app.cached = false;
app.adjType = "service";
app.adjTypeCode = ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo
.REASON_SERVICE_IN_USE;
app.adjSource = a;
app.adjSourceProcState = procState;
app.adjTarget = s.name;
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to service w/activity: "
+ app);
}
}
}
}
}
for (int provi = app.pubProviders.size()-1;
provi >= 0 && (adj > ProcessList.FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ
|| schedGroup == ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_BACKGROUND
|| procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP);
provi--) {
ContentProviderRecord cpr = app.pubProviders.valueAt(provi);
for (int i = cpr.connections.size()-1;
i >= 0 && (adj > ProcessList.FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ
|| schedGroup == ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_BACKGROUND
|| procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP);
i--) {
ContentProviderConnection conn = cpr.connections.get(i);
ProcessRecord client = conn.client;
if (client == app) {
// Being our own client is not interesting.
continue;
}
int clientAdj = computeOomAdjLocked(client, cachedAdj, TOP_APP, doingAll, now);
int clientProcState = client.curProcState;
if (clientProcState >= ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_ACTIVITY) {
// If the other app is cached for any reason, for purposes here
// we are going to consider it empty.
clientProcState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_EMPTY;
}
String adjType = null;
if (adj > clientAdj) {
if (app.hasShownUi && app != mHomeProcess
&& clientAdj > ProcessList.PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ) {
adjType = "cch-ui-provider";
} else {
adj = clientAdj > ProcessList.FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ
? clientAdj : ProcessList.FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ;
adjType = "provider";
}
app.cached &= client.cached;
}
if (clientProcState <= ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP) {
if (clientProcState == ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP) {
// Special handling of clients who are in the top state.
// We *may* want to consider this process to be in the
// top state as well, but only if there is not another
// reason for it to be running. Being on the top is a
// special state, meaning you are specifically running
// for the current top app. If the process is already
// running in the background for some other reason, it
// is more important to continue considering it to be
// in the background state.
mayBeTop = true;
clientProcState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_EMPTY;
mayBeTopType = adjType = "provider-top";
mayBeTopSource = client;
mayBeTopTarget = cpr.name;
} else {
// Special handling for above-top states (persistent
// processes). These should not bring the current process
// into the top state, since they are not on top. Instead
// give them the best state after that.
clientProcState =
ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
if (adjType == null) {
adjType = "provider";
}
}
}
if (procState > clientProcState) {
procState = clientProcState;
}
if (client.curSchedGroup > schedGroup) {
schedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_DEFAULT;
}
if (adjType != null) {
app.adjType = adjType;
app.adjTypeCode = ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo
.REASON_PROVIDER_IN_USE;
app.adjSource = client;
app.adjSourceProcState = clientProcState;
app.adjTarget = cpr.name;
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to " + adjType
+ ": " + app + ", due to " + client
+ " adj=" + adj + " procState=" + procState);
}
}
// If the provider has external (non-framework) process
// dependencies, ensure that its adjustment is at least
// FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ.
if (cpr.hasExternalProcessHandles()) {
if (adj > ProcessList.FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ) {
adj = ProcessList.FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ;
schedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_DEFAULT;
app.cached = false;
app.adjType = "ext-provider";
app.adjTarget = cpr.name;
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to external provider: " + app);
}
if (procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_IMPORTANT_FOREGROUND) {
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_IMPORTANT_FOREGROUND;
}
}
}
if (app.lastProviderTime > 0 &&
(app.lastProviderTime+mConstants.CONTENT_PROVIDER_RETAIN_TIME) > now) {
if (adj > ProcessList.PREVIOUS_APP_ADJ) {
adj = ProcessList.PREVIOUS_APP_ADJ;
schedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_BACKGROUND;
app.cached = false;
app.adjType = "recent-provider";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to recent provider: " + app);
}
if (procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_LAST_ACTIVITY) {
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_LAST_ACTIVITY;
app.adjType = "recent-provider";
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "Raise to recent provider: " + app);
}
}
if (mayBeTop && procState > ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP) {
// A client of one of our services or providers is in the top state. We
// *may* want to be in the top state, but not if we are already running in
// the background for some other reason. For the decision here, we are going
// to pick out a few specific states that we want to remain in when a client
// is top (states that tend to be longer-term) and otherwise allow it to go
// to the top state.
switch (procState) {
case ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE:
// Something else is keeping it at this level, just leave it.
break;
case ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_IMPORTANT_FOREGROUND:
case ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_IMPORTANT_BACKGROUND:
case ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TRANSIENT_BACKGROUND:
case ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_SERVICE:
// These all are longer-term states, so pull them up to the top
// of the background states, but not all the way to the top state.
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
app.adjType = mayBeTopType;
app.adjSource = mayBeTopSource;
app.adjTarget = mayBeTopTarget;
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "May be top raise to " + mayBeTopType
+ ": " + app + ", due to " + mayBeTopSource
+ " adj=" + adj + " procState=" + procState);
break;
default:
// Otherwise, top is a better choice, so take it.
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP;
app.adjType = mayBeTopType;
app.adjSource = mayBeTopSource;
app.adjTarget = mayBeTopTarget;
if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ_REASON) Slog.d(TAG, "May be top raise to " + mayBeTopType
+ ": " + app + ", due to " + mayBeTopSource
+ " adj=" + adj + " procState=" + procState);
break;
}
}
if (procState >= ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_EMPTY) {
if (app.hasClientActivities) {
// This is a cached process, but with client activities. Mark it so.
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_ACTIVITY_CLIENT;
app.adjType = "cch-client-act";
} else if (app.treatLikeActivity) {
// This is a cached process, but somebody wants us to treat it like it has
// an activity, okay!
procState = ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_ACTIVITY;
app.adjType = "cch-as-act";
}
}
if (adj == ProcessList.SERVICE_ADJ) {
if (doingAll) {
app.serviceb = mNewNumAServiceProcs > (mNumServiceProcs/3);
mNewNumServiceProcs++;
//Slog.i(TAG, "ADJ " + app + " serviceb=" + app.serviceb);
if (!app.serviceb) {
// This service isn't far enough down on the LRU list to
// normally be a B service, but if we are low on RAM and it
// is large we want to force it down since we would prefer to
// keep launcher over it.
if (mLastMemoryLevel > ProcessStats.ADJ_MEM_FACTOR_NORMAL
&& app.lastPss >= mProcessList.getCachedRestoreThresholdKb()) {
app.serviceHighRam = true;
app.serviceb = true;
//Slog.i(TAG, "ADJ " + app + " high ram!");
} else {
mNewNumAServiceProcs++;
//Slog.i(TAG, "ADJ " + app + " not high ram!");
}
} else {
app.serviceHighRam = false;
}
}
if (app.serviceb) {
adj = ProcessList.SERVICE_B_ADJ;
}
}
//终于计算完毕
app.curRawAdj = adj;
//Slog.i(TAG, "OOM ADJ " + app + ": pid=" + app.pid +
// " adj=" + adj + " curAdj=" + app.curAdj + " maxAdj=" + app.maxAdj);
//每个进程跟进他的类型设定了maxAdj最大值，计算出的adj不能大于最大
if (adj > app.maxAdj) {
adj = app.maxAdj;
if (app.maxAdj <= ProcessList.PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ) {
schedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_DEFAULT;
}
}
// Do final modification to adj. Everything we do between here and applying
// the final setAdj must be done in this function, because we will also use
// it when computing the final cached adj later. Note that we don't need to
// worry about this for max adj above, since max adj will always be used to
// keep it out of the cached vaues.
app.curAdj = app.modifyRawOomAdj(adj);
app.curSchedGroup = schedGroup;
app.curProcState = procState;
app.foregroundActivities = foregroundActivities;
return app.curRawAdj;
}主要计算进程的 adjSeq，curRawAdj，foregroundActivities，curSchedGroup，curProcState，systemNoUi，curRawAdj
其实上面的计算思路跟很多文章讲的
Android中APP的进程层次一共5级：
- 前台进程(Foreground process)
- 可见进程(Visible process)
- 服务进程(Service process)
- 后台进程(Background process)
- 空进程(Empty process)
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