文章说明
本文主要为了学习头像裁剪功能,以及熟悉canvas绘图和转文件的相关操作,参考教程(Web渡一前端–图片裁剪上传原理)
核心Api
主要就一个在canvas绘图的操作
context.drawImage(image, imgX, imgY, rectangleWidth, rectangleHeight, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
以及canvas转为file对象的操作
let formData = new FormData();
const file = new File([blob], data.selectFileName, {type: data.selectFileType})
formData.append(“file”, file);
关于其中的绘制区域的大小缩放以及移动,也算是一个小难点;一般也有另一种裁剪区域风格,即四条线风格,可通过代码进行理解
示例源码
AvatarUpload.vue
<template>
<div class="avatar-container">
<div class="img-container">
<div v-if="!data.selectFile" class="select-file" @click="selectFile">
<p>jpg/png file with a size less than 5MB<em>click to upload</em></p>
</div>
<img v-if="data.selectFile" :src="data.src" :style="{'height' : data.imgHeight }" alt="" class="img"
draggable="false"/>
<div v-if="data.selectFile" class="rectangle" @mousedown="dragStart($event)" @mousemove="changePos($event)"
@mousewheel="wheel($event)"></div>
</div>
<canvas class="canvas" height="100" width="100"></canvas>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import {onBeforeUnmount, onMounted, reactive} from "vue";
import {message} from "@/util/api";
export default {
setup() {
const data = reactive({
src: null,
imgHeight: "300px",
selectFile: false,
selectFileName: "",
selectFileType: "",
});
async function selectFile() {
const pickerOpts = {
types: [
{
description: "Images",
accept: {
"image/*": [".png", ".jpeg", ".jpg"],
},
},
],
excludeAcceptAllOption: true,
multiple: false,
};
try {
const fileHandle = await window.showOpenFilePicker(pickerOpts);
const file = await fileHandle[0].getFile();
data.selectFileName = file.name;
data.selectFileType = file.type;
const reader = new FileReader();
reader.readAsDataURL(file);
reader.onload = function (e) {
data.src = e.target.result;
data.selectFile = true;
image = new Image();
image.src = e.target.result;
setTimeout(() => {
data.imgHeight = image.height + "px";
rectangle = document.getElementsByClassName("rectangle")[0];
rectangleWidth = rectangle.clientWidth;
rectangleHeight = rectangle.clientHeight;
imgWidth = image.width;
imgHeight = image.height;
rectangle.style.left = (imgWidth - rectangleWidth) / 2 + "px";
rectangle.style.top = (imgHeight - rectangleHeight) / 2 + "px";
context.drawImage(image, (image.width / 2 - rectangleWidth / 2), (image.height / 2 - rectangleHeight / 2),
rectangleWidth, rectangleHeight, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
}, 0);
};
} catch (e) {
if (!(e.name === 'AbortError' && e.message === 'The user aborted a request.')) {
throw e;
}
}
}
let isDragging = false;
let mouseUpListener;
let imgWidth;
let imgHeight;
let rectangle;
let initialX;
let initialY;
let rectangleWidth;
let rectangleHeight;
let canvas;
let context;
let image;
onMounted(() => {
mouseUpListener = () => {
isDragging = false;
}
document.addEventListener("mouseup", mouseUpListener);
canvas = document.getElementsByClassName("canvas")[0];
context = canvas.getContext("2d");
});
onBeforeUnmount(() => {
document.removeEventListener("mouseup", mouseUpListener);
});
function dragStart(e) {
isDragging = true;
rectangle = document.getElementsByClassName("rectangle")[0];
rectangleWidth = rectangle.clientWidth;
rectangleHeight = rectangle.clientHeight;
initialX = e.clientX - rectangle.offsetLeft;
initialY = e.clientY - rectangle.offsetTop;
}
function changePos(e) {
if (!isDragging) {
return;
}
const x = e.clientX - initialX;
const y = e.clientY - initialY;
if (x >= 0 && x < imgWidth - rectangleWidth) {
rectangle.style.left = x + "px";
context.drawImage(image, x, y, rectangleWidth, rectangleHeight, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
}
if (y >= 0 && y < imgHeight - rectangleHeight) {
rectangle.style.top = y + "px";
context.drawImage(image, x, y, rectangleWidth, rectangleHeight, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
}
}
const gap = 2;
const minRange = 50;
let centerX;
let centerY;
function wheel(e) {
if (!centerX) {
centerX = image.width / 2;
}
if (!centerY) {
centerY = image.height / 2;
}
if (e.deltaY > 0) {
if (rectangleWidth + gap >= image.width || rectangleHeight + gap >= image.height) {
return;
}
if ((centerX - rectangleWidth / 2 - gap < 0) || (centerY - rectangleHeight / 2 - gap < 0)) {
return;
}
rectangleWidth += gap;
rectangleHeight += gap;
rectangle.style.width = rectangleWidth + "px";
rectangle.style.height = rectangleHeight + "px";
} else {
if (rectangleWidth - gap < minRange || rectangleHeight - gap < minRange) {
return;
}
rectangleWidth -= gap;
rectangleHeight -= gap;
rectangle.style.width = rectangleWidth + "px";
rectangle.style.height = rectangleHeight + "px";
}
context.drawImage(image, (centerX - rectangleWidth / 2), (centerY - rectangleHeight / 2), rectangleWidth,
rectangleHeight, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
}
function getCanvasFile(resolve) {
if (!data.selectFile) {
message("请先选择图片", "warning");
return;
}
canvas.toBlob((blob) => {
let formData = new FormData();
const file = new File([blob], data.selectFileName, {type: data.selectFileType})
formData.append("file", file);
resolve(formData);
}, data.selectFileType);
}
return {
data,
selectFile,
dragStart,
changePos,
wheel,
getCanvasFile,
}
}
};
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.avatar-container {
margin: 0 auto;
width: fit-content;
user-select: none;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
padding-top: 100px;
.img-container {
position: relative;
width: fit-content;
.select-file {
width: 500px;
height: 300px;
border: 1px dashed #dcdfe6;
border-radius: 20px;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
&:hover {
border: 1px dashed #409eff;
cursor: pointer;
}
p {
font-size: 14px;
color: #606266;
em {
color: #409eff;
font-style: normal;
margin-left: 5px;
}
}
}
.img {
border: 1px dashed #409eff;
height: 300px;
}
.rectangle {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
border: 1px dashed #409eff;
position: absolute;
z-index: 999;
cursor: pointer;
}
}
.canvas {
margin-left: 30px;
border: 1px dashed #409eff;
float: left;
border-radius: 50%;
}
}
</style>
效果展示
关于裁剪区域的风格,设置为四条线可移动那种,需要改动一些代码,考虑后续补充