Spring的JdbcTemplate自动关闭连接

来源：https://blog.csdn.net/partner4java/article/details/7012196

JdbcTemplate类使用DataSource得到一个数据库连接。然后，他调用StatementCreator实例创建要执行的语句。下一步，他调用StatementCallBack完成。
一旦StatementCallBack返回结果，JdbcTemplate类完成所有必要清理工作关闭连接。如果StatementCreator或StatementCallBack抛出异常，JdbcTemplate类会捕获他们，并转换为Spring数据访问异常。

看一个JdbcTemplate里面的比较核心的一个方法： 

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1. //-------------------------------------------------------------------------  
2. // Methods dealing with prepared statements  
3. //-------------------------------------------------------------------------  
4.   
5. public Object execute(PreparedStatementCreator psc, PreparedStatementCallback action)  
6.         throws DataAccessException {  
7.   
8.     Assert.notNull(psc, "PreparedStatementCreator must not be null");  
9.     Assert.notNull(action, "Callback object must not be null");  
10.     if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {  
11.         String sql = getSql(psc);  
12.         logger.debug("Executing prepared SQL statement" + (sql != null ? " [" + sql + "]" : ""));  
13.     }  
14.   
15.     Connection con = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(getDataSource());  
16.     PreparedStatement ps = null;  
17.     try {  
18.         Connection conToUse = con;  
19.         if (this.nativeJdbcExtractor != null &&  
20.                 this.nativeJdbcExtractor.isNativeConnectionNecessaryForNativePreparedStatements()) {  
21.             conToUse = this.nativeJdbcExtractor.getNativeConnection(con);  
22.         }  
23.         ps = psc.createPreparedStatement(conToUse);  
24.         applyStatementSettings(ps);  
25.         PreparedStatement psToUse = ps;  
26.         if (this.nativeJdbcExtractor != null) {  
27.             psToUse = this.nativeJdbcExtractor.getNativePreparedStatement(ps);  
28.         }  
29.         Object result = action.doInPreparedStatement(psToUse);  
30.         handleWarnings(ps);  
31.         return result;  
32.     }  
33.     catch (SQLException ex) {  
34.         // Release Connection early, to avoid potential connection pool deadlock  
35.         // in the case when the exception translator hasn't been initialized yet.  
36.         if (psc instanceof ParameterDisposer) {  
37.             ((ParameterDisposer) psc).cleanupParameters();  
38.         }  
39.         String sql = getSql(psc);  
40.         psc = null;  
41.         JdbcUtils.closeStatement(ps);  
42.         ps = null;  
43.         DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, getDataSource());  
44.         con = null;  
45.         throw getExceptionTranslator().translate("PreparedStatementCallback", sql, ex);  
46.     }  
47.     finally {  
48.         if (psc instanceof ParameterDisposer) {  
49.             ((ParameterDisposer) psc).cleanupParameters();  
50.         }  
51.         JdbcUtils.closeStatement(ps);  
52.         DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, getDataSource());  
53.     }  
54. }  

显然，我们在finally里面看到了关闭调用，在看看这个关闭调用方法内部： 

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1. /** 
2. * Close the given Connection, obtained from the given DataSource, 
3. * if it is not managed externally (that is, not bound to the thread). 
4. * @param con the Connection to close if necessary 
5. * (if this is <code>null</code>, the call will be ignored) 
6. * @param dataSource the DataSource that the Connection was obtained from 
7. * (may be <code>null</code>) 
8. * @see #getConnection 
9. */  
10. public static void releaseConnection(Connection con, DataSource dataSource) {  
11.     try {  
12.         doReleaseConnection(con, dataSource);  
13.     }  
14.     catch (SQLException ex) {  
15.         logger.debug("Could not close JDBC Connection", ex);  
16.     }  
17.     catch (Throwable ex) {  
18.         logger.debug("Unexpected exception on closing JDBC Connection", ex);  
19.     }  
20. }  
21.   
22. /** 
23. * Actually close the given Connection, obtained from the given DataSource. 
24. * Same as {@link #releaseConnection}, but throwing the original SQLException. 
25. * <p>Directly accessed by {@link TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy}. 
26. * @param con the Connection to close if necessary 
27. * (if this is <code>null</code>, the call will be ignored) 
28. * @param dataSource the DataSource that the Connection was obtained from 
29. * (may be <code>null</code>) 
30. * @throws SQLException if thrown by JDBC methods 
31. * @see #doGetConnection 
32. */  
33. public static void doReleaseConnection(Connection con, DataSource dataSource) throws SQLException {  
34.     if (con == null) {  
35.         return;  
36.     }  
37.   
38.     if (dataSource != null) {  
39.         ConnectionHolder conHolder = (ConnectionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(dataSource);  
40.         if (conHolder != null && connectionEquals(conHolder, con)) {  
41.             // It's the transactional Connection: Don't close it.  
42.             conHolder.released();  
43.             return;  
44.         }  
45.     }  
46.   
47.     // Leave the Connection open only if the DataSource is our  
48.     // special SmartDataSoruce and it wants the Connection left open.  
49.     if (!(dataSource instanceof SmartDataSource) || ((SmartDataSource) dataSource).shouldClose(con)) {  
50.         logger.debug("Returning JDBC Connection to DataSource");  
51.         con.close();  
52.     }  
53. }  

主要下面这几行代码: 

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1. // Leave the Connection open only if the DataSource is our  
2. // special SmartDataSoruce and it wants the Connection left open.  
3. if (!(dataSource instanceof SmartDataSource) || ((SmartDataSource) dataSource).shouldClose(con)) {  
4.     logger.debug("Returning JDBC Connection to DataSource");  
5.     con.close();  
6. }  

哦，可以看到大部分情况下是自动关闭，除非你使用的SmartDataSource，且SmartDataSource指定了允许关闭。 


有些时候，你引入了JdbcTemplate或者DaoSupport，但是有时还需要自己额外的拿到conn进行操作，如下： 
jdbcTemplate.getDataSource().getConnection() 
那么，你应该就需要关闭连接了