九、组合模式
组合模式(Composite Pattern),又称部分整体模式,用于把一组相似的对象当作一个单一的对象。组合模式依据树形结构来组合对象,用以表示部分及整体层次。
介绍
将对象组合成树形结构以表示”部分-整体”层次结构,使用户对单一对象和组合对象的使用具有一致性。
常用于单一和组合对象树形结构的表示,或者给予用户一致性体验的场景。
比如:复杂的算术表达式,内嵌算术表达式,可以视作部分与整体的例证。
- 优点:高层代码调用简单、节点自由增加。
- 缺点:使用组合模式时,其叶子
和树枝
的声明都是实现类,而非接口,违反了依赖倒置原则。
实现
定义一个实体类Employee
用作组合模型类。CompositePatternDemo
用于演示使用Employee
类添加部门层次结构,并输出所有员工。
- 创建实体类
Employee.java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Employee {
private String name;
private String dept;
private int salary;
private List<Employee> subordinates;
//构造函数
public Employee(String name,String dept,int salary){
this.name = name;
this.dept = dept;
this.salary = salary;
subordinates = new ArrayList<Employee>();
}
public void add(Employee e){
subordinates.add(e);
}
public void remove(Employee e){
subordinates.remove(e);
}
public List<Employee> getSubordinates(){
return subordinates;
}
public String toString(){
return ("Employee : [ Name : " + name + ", dept : " + dept + ",salary : "+ salary + " ]");
}
}
- 演示
CompositePatternDemo.java
public class CompositePatternDemo {
public static void main(String[] args){
Employee CEO = new Employee("John","CEO",30000);
Employee headSales = new Employee("Robert","Head Sales",20000);
Employee headMarketing = new Employee("Michel","Head Marketing",20000);
Employee clerk1 = new Employee("Laura","Marketing",10000);
Employee clerk2 = new Employee("Bob","Marketing",10000);
Employee salesExe1 = new Employee("Richard","Sales",10000);
Employee salesExe2 = new Employee("Rob","Sales",10000);
CEO.add(headSales);
CEO.add(headMarketing);
headSales.add(salesExe1);
headSales.add(salesExe2);
headMarketing.add(clerk1);
headMarketing.add(clerk2);
//输出该组织员工信息
System.out.println(CEO);
for(Employee headEmployee:CEO.getSubordinates()){
System.out.println(headEmployee);
for(Employee employee : headEmployee.getSubordinates()){
System.out.println(employee);
}
}
}
}
- 输出
Employee :[ Name : John, dept : CEO, salary :30000 ]
Employee :[ Name : Robert, dept : Head Sales, salary :20000 ]
Employee :[ Name : Richard, dept : Sales, salary :10000 ]
Employee :[ Name : Rob, dept : Sales, salary :10000 ]
Employee :[ Name : Michel, dept : Head Marketing, salary :20000 ]
Employee :[ Name : Laura, dept : Marketing, salary :10000 ]
Employee :[ Name : Bob, dept : Marketing, salary :10000 ]