socket IPC之本地套接字domain

网络套接字和本地套接字的差异

1. 使用UNIX Domain Socket的过程和网络socket十分相似，也要先调用socket()创建一个socket文件描述符，address family指定为AF_UNIX，type可以选择SOCK_DGRAM或SOCK_STREAM，protocol参数仍然指定为0即可。
2. UNIX Domain Socket与网络socket编程最明显的不同在于地址格式不同，用结构体sockaddr_un表示，网络编程的socket地址是IP地址加端口号，而UNIX Domain Socket的地址是一个socket类型的文件在文件系统中的路径，这个socket文件由bind()调用创建，如果调用bind()时该文件已存在，则bind()错误返回。

对比网络套接字地址结构和本地套接字地址结构：

struct sockaddr_in {
__kernel_sa_family_t sin_family; 		/* Address family   地址结构类型*/
__be16 sin_port;					 	/* Port number 		端口号*/
struct in_addr sin_addr;				/* Internet address 	IP地址*/
};
struct sockaddr_un {
__kernel_sa_family_t sun_family ; 		/* AF_UNIX 	 地址结构类型*/
char sun_path[UNIX_PATH_MAX]; 			/* pathname  socket文件名(含路径)*/	
};

对比网络编程TCP C/S模型，注意以下几点

1. int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
   参数 domain：AF_INET --> AF_UNIX/AF_LOCAL
2. 地址结构： sockaddr_in --> sockaddr_un

struct sockaddr_in srv_addr; --> struct sockaddr_un srv_adrr;

	srv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;  --> srv_addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;

	srv_addr.sin_port = htons(8888);  -->  strcpy(srv_addr.sun_path, "srv.socket")
	srv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);--> len = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen("srv.socket");	//len 是sun_path 在结构体中的地址偏移长度 加 实际字节长度

3. bind()函数调用成功，会创建一个 socket。因此为保证bind成功，通常我们在 bind之前， 可以使用 unlink(“srv.socket”)，删除srv.socket;
   bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&srv_addr, sizeof(srv_addr)); --> bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&srv_addr, len);
4. 客户端不能依赖 “隐式绑定”。并且应该在通信建立过程中，创建且初始化2个地址结构：
   • client_addr --> bind()
   • server_addr --> connect();

本地套接字基于报式传输协议的C/S模型实现代码

服务器

#include "wrap.h"
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/un.h>


#define SERV_ADDR "srv.socket"
int main()
{
    int sockfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);//domain 套接字
    struct sockaddr_un serv_addr, clie_addr;    
    socklen_t clie_len = sizeof(clie_addr);     //AF_UNIX大小 + 108B
    serv_addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    strcpy(serv_addr.sun_path, SERV_ADDR);

    int len = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(serv_addr.sun_path);

    unlink(SERV_ADDR);
    Bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, len);

    printf("connect...\n");
    char buf[1024];
    bzero(buf, sizeof(1024));
    while(1)
    {   
        int readNums = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&clie_addr, &clie_len);

        clie_len -= offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path); //得到文件名的长度
        clie_addr.sun_path[len] = '\0';                     //防止打印乱码
        printf("client bind filename %s\n", clie_addr.sun_path);
        clie_len += offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path); //恢复文件名的长度

        if(readNums == -1) 
        {   
            perr_exit("recvfrom falied..\n");
        }   
        for(int i = 0; i < readNums; i++)
        {   
            buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
        }   
        int sendNums = sendto(sockfd, buf, readNums, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&clie_addr, clie_len);
        printf("sendNums = %d\n", sendNums);
        write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, readNums);
    }   
        
    close(sockfd);
    return 0;
}                                                                                                                                                                    

客户端

#include "wrap.h"                                                                                                                                                    
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/un.h>


#define CLIE_ADDR "cli.socket"
#define SERV_ADDR "srv.socket"
int main()
{
    int sockfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);//domain 套接字
    struct sockaddr_un serv_addr, clie_addr;    
    clie_addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    strcpy(clie_addr.sun_path, CLIE_ADDR);

    int len = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(clie_addr.sun_path);

    unlink(CLIE_ADDR);
    Bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&clie_addr, len);

    //初始化服务器地址结构
    bzero(&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
    socklen_t serv_len = sizeof(serv_addr);     //服务器端 AF_UNIX大小 + 108B
    serv_addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    strcpy(serv_addr.sun_path, SERV_ADDR);

    serv_len = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(serv_addr.sun_path);
    

    printf("client connect success...\n");
    char buf[1024];
    bzero(buf, sizeof(1024));
    while(fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) != NULL)  //从缓冲区读取字符
    {   
        int sendNums = sendto(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, serv_len);
        if(-1 == sendNums)
            perr_exit("client sendto faild..\n");
    
        sendNums = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, &serv_len);
        if(-1 == sendNums)
            perr_exit("client recvfrom faild..\n");
        printf("sendNums = %d\n", sendNums);    
        write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, sendNums);    
    }   
    printf("meijjinu\n");   
    close(sockfd);
    return 0;
}