java.lang包是Java编程语言中的一个基础包，它包含了Java语言的核心类，如**系统、字符串和线程等

java.lang包是Java编程语言中的一个基础包，它包含了Java语言的核心类，如系统、字符串和线程等。以下是java.lang包中一些重要的类的介绍：

1. System: 提供对Java运行时环境的接口。通过System类可以访问系统相关的信息和操作，比如标准输入输出和系统退出等。
2. String: 表示字符串，提供了大量操作字符串的方法，如连接、比较、查找和替换等。
3. Thread: 代表一个线程，使得多线程编程成为可能。通过Thread类可以创建和管理线程。
4. Exception: 是所有异常类的超类，用于处理程序运行过程中出现的错误情况。
5. Math: 提供了一系列数学运算的方法，如平方根、绝对值和三角函数等。
6. Runtime: 提供了与Java应用的运行时环境相关的功能，例如内存管理和垃圾回收。
7. Integer, Long, Double等: 这些封装类提供了将基本数据类型转换为对象的功能，并添加了一些有用的方法和常量。

java.lang包是Java语言的核心类库，它提供了Java编程的基础工具。这个包包含了一些非常基础且重要的类，比如String、Math、System、Thread和Runnable等。以下是对java.lang包的详细介绍：

• 自动导入：java.lang包中的类会被自动导入到每个Java程序中，这意味着你可以不经任何导入语句直接使用这些类。
• 基本类型包装类：由于Java是一种面向对象的语言，而基本数据类型（如int、char等）并不是对象，所以java.lang包提供了相应的包装类（如Integer、Character等），使得基本类型也可以被当作对象处理。
• 数学运算：Math类提供了一系列用于执行数学运算的方法，例如求平方根、正弦、余弦等函数。
• 字符串操作：String类和StringBuffer类提供了丰富的字符串操作功能，包括连接、比较、查找、替换等。
• 线程管理：Thread类和Runnable接口是进行多线程编程的基础，它们提供了创建和管理线程的方法。

此外，还包含了其他一些核心类，如Object（所有类的基类）、Class（表示正在运行的Java应用程序中的类和接口）、System（提供了访问系统资源的接口）等等。

相关问题为：

1. String类在java.lang包中有什么作用？
2. 什么是自动导入机制，它是如何工作的？
3. 在java.lang包中，Math类提供了哪些数学函数？
4. 为什么需要基本类型的包装类？
5. 描述Thread类和Runnable接口在多线程编程中的作用？

Provides classes that are fundamental to the design of the Java programming language.

See: Description

Interface Summary  Interface 	Description
Appendable 	
An object to which char sequences and values can be appended.
AutoCloseable 	
A resource that must be closed when it is no longer needed.
CharSequence 	
A CharSequence is a readable sequence of char values.
Cloneable 	
A class implements the Cloneable interface to indicate to the Object.clone() method that it is legal for that method to make a field-for-field copy of instances of that class.
Comparable<T> 	
This interface imposes a total ordering on the objects of each class that implements it.
Iterable<T> 	
Implementing this interface allows an object to be the target of the "foreach" statement.
Readable 	
A Readable is a source of characters.
Runnable 	
The Runnable interface should be implemented by any class whose instances are intended to be executed by a thread.
Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler 	
Interface for handlers invoked when a Thread abruptly terminates due to an uncaught exception.
Class Summary  Class 	Description
Boolean 	
The Boolean class wraps a value of the primitive type boolean in an object.
Byte 	
The Byte class wraps a value of primitive type byte in an object.
Character 	
The Character class wraps a value of the primitive type char in an object.
Character.Subset 	
Instances of this class represent particular subsets of the Unicode character set.
Character.UnicodeBlock 	
A family of character subsets representing the character blocks in the Unicode specification.
Class<T> 	
Instances of the class Class represent classes and interfaces in a running Java application.
ClassLoader 	
A class loader is an object that is responsible for loading classes.
ClassValue<T> 	
Lazily associate a computed value with (potentially) every type.
Compiler 	
The Compiler class is provided to support Java-to-native-code compilers and related services.
Double 	
The Double class wraps a value of the primitive type double in an object.
Enum<E extends Enum<E>> 	
This is the common base class of all Java language enumeration types.
Float 	
The Float class wraps a value of primitive type float in an object.
InheritableThreadLocal<T> 	
This class extends ThreadLocal to provide inheritance of values from parent thread to child thread: when a child thread is created, the child receives initial values for all inheritable thread-local variables for which the parent has values.
Integer 	
The Integer class wraps a value of the primitive type int in an object.
Long 	
The Long class wraps a value of the primitive type long in an object.
Math 	
The class Math contains methods for performing basic numeric operations such as the elementary exponential, logarithm, square root, and trigonometric functions.
Number 	
The abstract class Number is the superclass of classes BigDecimal, BigInteger, Byte, Double, Float, Integer, Long, and Short.
Object 	
Class Object is the root of the class hierarchy.
Package 	
Package objects contain version information about the implementation and specification of a Java package.
Process 	
The ProcessBuilder.start() and Runtime.exec methods create a native process and return an instance of a subclass of Process that can be used to control the process and obtain information about it.
ProcessBuilder 	
This class is used to create operating system processes.
ProcessBuilder.Redirect 	
Represents a source of subprocess input or a destination of subprocess output.
Runtime 	
Every Java application has a single instance of class Runtime that allows the application to interface with the environment in which the application is running.
RuntimePermission 	
This class is for runtime permissions.
SecurityManager 	
The security manager is a class that allows applications to implement a security policy.
Short 	
The Short class wraps a value of primitive type short in an object.
StackTraceElement 	
An element in a stack trace, as returned by Throwable.getStackTrace().
StrictMath 	
The class StrictMath contains methods for performing basic numeric operations such as the elementary exponential, logarithm, square root, and trigonometric functions.
String 	
The String class represents character strings.
StringBuffer 	
A thread-safe, mutable sequence of characters.
StringBuilder 	
A mutable sequence of characters.
System 	
The System class contains several useful class fields and methods.
Thread 	
A thread is a thread of execution in a program.
ThreadGroup 	
A thread group represents a set of threads.
ThreadLocal<T> 	
This class provides thread-local variables.
Throwable 	
The Throwable class is the superclass of all errors and exceptions in the Java language.
Void 	
The Void class is an uninstantiable placeholder class to hold a reference to the Class object representing the Java keyword void.
Enum Summary  Enum 	Description
Character.UnicodeScript 	
A family of character subsets representing the character scripts defined in the Unicode Standard Annex #24: Script Names.
ProcessBuilder.Redirect.Type 	
The type of a ProcessBuilder.Redirect.
Thread.State 	
A thread state.
Exception Summary  Exception 	Description
ArithmeticException 	
Thrown when an exceptional arithmetic condition has occurred.
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException 	
Thrown to indicate that an array has been accessed with an illegal index.
ArrayStoreException 	
Thrown to indicate that an attempt has been made to store the wrong type of object into an array of objects.
ClassCastException 	
Thrown to indicate that the code has attempted to cast an object to a subclass of which it is not an instance.
ClassNotFoundException 	
Thrown when an application tries to load in a class through its string name using: The forName method in class Class.
CloneNotSupportedException 	
Thrown to indicate that the clone method in class Object has been called to clone an object, but that the object's class does not implement the Cloneable interface.
EnumConstantNotPresentException 	
Thrown when an application tries to access an enum constant by name and the enum type contains no constant with the specified name.
Exception 	
The class Exception and its subclasses are a form of Throwable that indicates conditions that a reasonable application might want to catch.
IllegalAccessException 	
An IllegalAccessException is thrown when an application tries to reflectively create an instance (other than an array), set or get a field, or invoke a method, but the currently executing method does not have access to the definition of the specified class, field, method or constructor.
IllegalArgumentException 	
Thrown to indicate that a method has been passed an illegal or inappropriate argument.
IllegalMonitorStateException 	
Thrown to indicate that a thread has attempted to wait on an object's monitor or to notify other threads waiting on an object's monitor without owning the specified monitor.
IllegalStateException 	
Signals that a method has been invoked at an illegal or inappropriate time.
IllegalThreadStateException 	
Thrown to indicate that a thread is not in an appropriate state for the requested operation.
IndexOutOfBoundsException 	
Thrown to indicate that an index of some sort (such as to an array, to a string, or to a vector) is out of range.
InstantiationException 	
Thrown when an application tries to create an instance of a class using the newInstance method in class Class, but the specified class object cannot be instantiated.
InterruptedException 	
Thrown when a thread is waiting, sleeping, or otherwise occupied, and the thread is interrupted, either before or during the activity.
NegativeArraySizeException 	
Thrown if an application tries to create an array with negative size.
NoSuchFieldException 	
Signals that the class doesn't have a field of a specified name.
NoSuchMethodException 	
Thrown when a particular method cannot be found.
NullPointerException 	
Thrown when an application attempts to use null in a case where an object is required.
NumberFormatException 	
Thrown to indicate that the application has attempted to convert a string to one of the numeric types, but that the string does not have the appropriate format.
ReflectiveOperationException 	
Common superclass of exceptions thrown by reflective operations in core reflection.
RuntimeException 	
RuntimeException is the superclass of those exceptions that can be thrown during the normal operation of the Java Virtual Machine.
SecurityException 	
Thrown by the security manager to indicate a security violation.
StringIndexOutOfBoundsException 	
Thrown by String methods to indicate that an index is either negative or greater than the size of the string.
TypeNotPresentException 	
Thrown when an application tries to access a type using a string representing the type's name, but no definition for the type with the specified name can be found.
UnsupportedOperationException 	
Thrown to indicate that the requested operation is not supported.
Error Summary  Error 	Description
AbstractMethodError 	
Thrown when an application tries to call an abstract method.
AssertionError 	
Thrown to indicate that an assertion has failed.
BootstrapMethodError 	
Thrown to indicate that an invokedynamic instruction has failed to find its bootstrap method, or the bootstrap method has failed to provide a call site with a target of the correct method type.
ClassCircularityError 	
Thrown when the Java Virtual Machine detects a circularity in the superclass hierarchy of a class being loaded.
ClassFormatError 	
Thrown when the Java Virtual Machine attempts to read a class file and determines that the file is malformed or otherwise cannot be interpreted as a class file.
Error 	
An Error is a subclass of Throwable that indicates serious problems that a reasonable application should not try to catch.
ExceptionInInitializerError 	
Signals that an unexpected exception has occurred in a static initializer.
IllegalAccessError 	
Thrown if an application attempts to access or modify a field, or to call a method that it does not have access to.
IncompatibleClassChangeError 	
Thrown when an incompatible class change has occurred to some class definition.
InstantiationError 	
Thrown when an application tries to use the Java new construct to instantiate an abstract class or an interface.
InternalError 	
Thrown to indicate some unexpected internal error has occurred in the Java Virtual Machine.
LinkageError 	
Subclasses of LinkageError indicate that a class has some dependency on another class; however, the latter class has incompatibly changed after the compilation of the former class.
NoClassDefFoundError 	
Thrown if the Java Virtual Machine or a ClassLoader instance tries to load in the definition of a class (as part of a normal method call or as part of creating a new instance using the new expression) and no definition of the class could be found.
NoSuchFieldError 	
Thrown if an application tries to access or modify a specified field of an object, and that object no longer has that field.
NoSuchMethodError 	
Thrown if an application tries to call a specified method of a class (either static or instance), and that class no longer has a definition of that method.
OutOfMemoryError 	
Thrown when the Java Virtual Machine cannot allocate an object because it is out of memory, and no more memory could be made available by the garbage collector.
StackOverflowError 	
Thrown when a stack overflow occurs because an application recurses too deeply.
ThreadDeath 	
An instance of ThreadDeath is thrown in the victim thread when the (deprecated) Thread.stop() method is invoked.
UnknownError 	
Thrown when an unknown but serious exception has occurred in the Java Virtual Machine.
UnsatisfiedLinkError 	
Thrown if the Java Virtual Machine cannot find an appropriate native-language definition of a method declared native.
UnsupportedClassVersionError 	
Thrown when the Java Virtual Machine attempts to read a class file and determines that the major and minor version numbers in the file are not supported.
VerifyError 	
Thrown when the "verifier" detects that a class file, though well formed, contains some sort of internal inconsistency or security problem.
VirtualMachineError 	
Thrown to indicate that the Java Virtual Machine is broken or has run out of resources necessary for it to continue operating.
Annotation Types Summary  Annotation Type 	Description
Deprecated 	
A program element annotated @Deprecated is one that programmers are discouraged from using, typically because it is dangerous, or because a better alternative exists.
Override 	
Indicates that a method declaration is intended to override a method declaration in a supertype.
SafeVarargs 	
A programmer assertion that the body of the annotated method or constructor does not perform potentially unsafe operations on its varargs parameter.
SuppressWarnings 	
Indicates that the named compiler warnings should be suppressed in the annotated element (and in all program elements contained in the annotated element).

Package java.lang Description
Provides classes that are fundamental to the design of the Java programming language. The most important classes are Object, which is the root of the class hierarchy, and Class, instances of which represent classes at run time.

Frequently it is necessary to represent a value of primitive type as if it were an object. The wrapper classes Boolean, Character, Integer, Long, Float, and Double serve this purpose. An object of type Double, for example, contains a field whose type is double, representing that value in such a way that a reference to it can be stored in a variable of reference type. These classes also provide a number of methods for converting among primitive values, as well as supporting such standard methods as equals and hashCode. The Void class is a non-instantiable class that holds a reference to a Class object representing the type void.

The class Math provides commonly used mathematical functions such as sine, cosine, and square root. The classes String, StringBuffer, and StringBuilder similarly provide commonly used operations on character strings.

Classes ClassLoader, Process, ProcessBuilder, Runtime, SecurityManager, and System provide “system operations” that manage the dynamic loading of classes, creation of external processes, host environment inquiries such as the time of day, and enforcement of security policies.

Class Throwable encompasses objects that may be thrown by the throw statement. Subclasses of Throwable represent errors and exceptions.
Character Encodings
The specification of the java.nio.charset.Charset class describes the naming conventions for character encodings as well as the set of standard encodings that must be supported by every implementation of the Java platform.

Since:
JDK1.0