vision transformer 笔记

vision transformer 笔记

本文是观看霹雳吧啦Wzup主视频的学习笔记

Patch embedding

这个patch_embdding 的过程就是把原来224*224*3的图片，分成14*14个小格子，每一个小格子是16*16的大小，然后16*16的这个数量被合并到了通道维度上

所以最后变成了 16*16*3 = 768，就是每一个小格子有768个内容

class PatchEmbed(nn.Module):
    """
    2D Image to Patch Embedding
    """
    def __init__(self, img_size=224, patch_size=16, in_c=3, embed_dim=768, norm_layer=None):
        super().__init__()
        img_size = (img_size, img_size)
        patch_size = (patch_size, patch_size)
        self.img_size = img_size
        self.patch_size = patch_size
        self.grid_size = (img_size[0] // patch_size[0], img_size[1] // patch_size[1])
        #  self.grid.size = 256/16 = 14，就是每一个格子的数量
        self.num_patches = self.grid_size[0] * self.grid_size[1]

        self.proj = nn.Conv2d(in_c, embed_dim, kernel_size=patch_size, stride=patch_size)
        # kernel_size = 16,stride = 16
        self.norm = norm_layer(embed_dim) if norm_layer else nn.Identity()

    def forward(self, x):
        B, C, H, W = x.shape
        assert H == self.img_size[0] and W == self.img_size[1], \
            f"Input image size ({H}*{W}) doesn't match model ({self.img_size[0]}*{self.img_size[1]})."

        # flatten: [B, C, H, W] -> [B, C, HW]
        # transpose: [B, C, HW] -> [B, HW, C]
        x = self.proj(x).flatten(2).transpose(1, 2)
        x = self.norm(x)
        return x

Attention

主要用于实现Encoder-block中的multi-head attention部分

class Attention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self,
                 dim,   # 输入token的dim
                 num_heads=8,
                 qkv_bias=False,
                 qk_scale=None,
                 attn_drop_ratio=0.,
                 proj_drop_ratio=0.):
        super(Attention, self).__init__()
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        # 会把整体求出的QKV根据 num_heads均分为head份
        head_dim = dim // num_heads
        #head_dim = 768//8，这里得到的是每一个head对应qkv的dimension
        #在计算multi-head-self-attention的时候，第一步还是正常的计算QKV，然后再根据head的数量将QKV均分为很多份
        # 要是没有传入scale就变成1/根号d
        self.scale = qk_scale or head_dim ** -0.5
        # 使用一个全连接层 一次性得到QKV三个向量
        self.qkv = nn.Linear(dim, dim * 3, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.attn_drop = nn.Dropout(attn_drop_ratio)
        # 这里是最后的attention的计算结果b乘上w0的过程
        self.proj = nn.Linear(dim, dim)
        self.proj_drop = nn.Dropout(proj_drop_ratio)

    def forward(self, x):
        # [batch_size, num_patches + 1, total_embed_dim]
        # [batch_size, 14*14+1代表小格子的数量加上一个classtoken，768代表每个小格子的内容]
        # num_patches = 14*14=196 后面+1是因为class_token
        # total_embed_dim=768
        B, N, C = x.shape

        # qkv(): -> [batch_size, num_patches + 1, 3 * total_embed_dim],qkv的作用是把embed_dim变成了3倍的embded_dim
        # reshape: -> [batch_size, num_patches + 1, 3, num_heads, embed_dim_per_head]
        # permute: -> [3, batch_size, num_heads, num_patches + 1, embed_dim_per_head]
        qkv = self.qkv(x).reshape(B, N, 3, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads).permute(2, 0, 3, 1, 4)
        # [batch_size, num_heads, num_patches + 1, embed_dim_per_head]
        q, k, v = qkv[0], qkv[1], qkv[2]  # make torchscript happy (cannot use tensor as tuple)

        # transpose: -> [batch_size, num_heads, embed_dim_per_head, num_patches + 1]
        # @: multiply -> [batch_size, num_heads, num_patches + 1, num_patches + 1]
        # @是矩阵乘法 如果q和k都是高维数据，会自动忽略前方相同的维度
        attn = (q @ k.transpose(-2, -1)) * self.scale
        attn = attn.softmax(dim=-1)
        # 对每一行的数据进行softmax
        attn = self.attn_drop(attn)

        # @: multiply -> [batch_size, num_heads, num_patches + 1, embed_dim_per_head]
        # transpose: -> [batch_size, num_patches + 1, num_heads, embed_dim_per_head]
        # reshape: -> [batch_size, num_patches + 1, total_embed_dim]
        x = (attn @ v).transpose(1, 2).reshape(B, N, C)
        # reshape的作用在于把每一个head生成的attention拼接在一起
        x = self.proj(x)   # w线性映射
        x = self.proj_drop(x)  # 再经过第二个dorpout
        return x

attn，开始等于Q乘K的转置，然后在除根号d

然后再针对atten矩阵的每一行进行softmax

为什么要在每一行上进行softmax?

 

从图中可以看出，atten的每一行都代表了每个样本与其他样本计算atten的得分

然后再经过一个dropout

最后多头注意力的计算结果要经过reshape拼接在一起

MLP

主要用于实现encoder block中mlp block的部分

这里是一个简单的前向结构

需要注意的是，第一个liner层的节点（768）个数是输入层节点个数的4倍，第二个liner层把节点个数还原回去

class Mlp(nn.Module):
    """
    MLP as used in Vision Transformer, MLP-Mixer and related networks
    """
    def __init__(self, in_features, hidden_features=None, out_features=None, act_layer=nn.GELU, drop=0.):
        super().__init__()
        out_features = out_features or in_features
        # 输入通道数
        hidden_features = hidden_features or in_features
        # 第一个全连接层的输出通道数
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(in_features, hidden_features)
        self.act = act_layer() # 激活函数使用了GELU
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(hidden_features, out_features)
        self.drop = nn.Dropout(drop)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.fc1(x)
        x = self.act(x)
        x = self.drop(x)
        x = self.fc2(x)
        x = self.drop(x)
        return x

Block

主要用于实现整个encoder block的这个部分

class Block(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self,
                 dim,
                 num_heads,
                 mlp_ratio=4.,  # 第一个全连接层的节点个数是输入节点个数的4倍
                 qkv_bias=False,
                 qk_scale=None,
                 drop_ratio=0.,   # multi-head-self-attention 最后w0，softmax后全连接层使用的drop ratio
                 attn_drop_ratio=0.,   # 这是个QKV计算softmax之后全连接层的drop ratio
                 drop_path_ratio=0.,   # encoder block 中的两个drop out
                 act_layer=nn.GELU,
                 norm_layer=nn.LayerNorm):
        super(Block, self).__init__()
        self.norm1 = norm_layer(dim) # 第一个layernorm
        self.attn = Attention(dim, num_heads=num_heads, qkv_bias=qkv_bias, qk_scale=qk_scale,
                              attn_drop_ratio=attn_drop_ratio, proj_drop_ratio=drop_ratio)
        # NOTE: drop path for stochastic depth, we shall see if this is better than dropout here
        self.drop_path = DropPath(drop_path_ratio) if drop_path_ratio > 0. else nn.Identity()
        self.norm2 = norm_layer(dim)
        mlp_hidden_dim = int(dim * mlp_ratio)  # dim*4 mlp的第一个全连接层节点个数
        self.mlp = Mlp(in_features=dim, hidden_features=mlp_hidden_dim, act_layer=act_layer, drop=drop_ratio)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = x + self.drop_path(self.attn(self.norm1(x)))
        x = x + self.drop_path(self.mlp(self.norm2(x)))
        return x

VisionTransformer

搭建整个VIT

class VisionTransformer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, img_size=224, patch_size=16, in_c=3, num_classes=1000,
                 embed_dim=768, depth=12, num_heads=12, mlp_ratio=4.0, qkv_bias=True,
                 qk_scale=None, representation_size=None, distilled=False, drop_ratio=0.,
                 attn_drop_ratio=0., drop_path_ratio=0., embed_layer=PatchEmbed, norm_layer=None,
                 act_layer=None):
        """
        Args:
            img_size (int, tuple): input image size
            patch_size (int, tuple): patch size
            in_c (int): number of input channels
            num_classes (int): number of classes for classification head
            embed_dim (int): embedding dimension
            depth (int): depth of transformer,重读堆叠encoder block的次数
            num_heads (int): number of attention heads
            mlp_ratio (int): ratio of mlp hidden dim to embedding dim
            qkv_bias (bool): enable bias for qkv if True
            qk_scale (float): override default qk scale of head_dim ** -0.5 if set
            representation_size (Optional[int]): enable and set representation layer (pre-logits) to this value if set
            distilled (bool): model includes a distillation token and head as in DeiT models
            drop_ratio (float): dropout rate
            attn_drop_ratio (float): attention dropout rate
            drop_path_ratio (float): stochastic depth rate
            embed_layer (nn.Module): patch embedding layer
            norm_layer: (nn.Module): normalization layer
        """
        super(VisionTransformer, self).__init__()
        self.num_classes = num_classes
        self.num_features = self.embed_dim = embed_dim  # num_features for consistency with other models
        self.num_tokens = 2 if distilled else 1 # distilled = none
        norm_layer = norm_layer or partial(nn.LayerNorm, eps=1e-6)  # partical传入默认参数eps
        act_layer = act_layer or nn.GELU

        self.patch_embed = embed_layer(img_size=img_size, patch_size=patch_size, in_c=in_c, embed_dim=embed_dim) # patch embedding
        num_patches = self.patch_embed.num_patches

        self.cls_token = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, 1, embed_dim))  # cls token 通过nn.Parameter创建一个可训练的参数 1:batch维度方便拼接 1，768classtoken的维度
        self.dist_token = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, 1, embed_dim)) if distilled else None  # None不用管
        self.pos_embed = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, num_patches + self.num_tokens, embed_dim)) # 197*768 和concat之后的维度是一样的
        self.pos_drop = nn.Dropout(p=drop_ratio) # 加上poition embdding之后的dorpout层

        dpr = [x.item() for x in torch.linspace(0, drop_path_ratio, depth)]  # stochastic depth decay rule  encoder block中的droppath radio
        # 每一个VIT block中的drop path ratio 是默认递增的
        self.blocks = nn.Sequential(*[
            Block(dim=embed_dim, num_heads=num_heads, mlp_ratio=mlp_ratio, qkv_bias=qkv_bias, qk_scale=qk_scale,
                  drop_ratio=drop_ratio, attn_drop_ratio=attn_drop_ratio, drop_path_ratio=dpr[i],
                  norm_layer=norm_layer, act_layer=act_layer)
            for i in range(depth)
        ])  # 重复堆叠 encoder block *的作用用于解包
        self.norm = norm_layer(embed_dim)
        # endoer之后的 layer_norm
        # Representation layer
        if representation_size and not distilled:  # False
            self.has_logits = True
            self.num_features = representation_size
            self.pre_logits = nn.Sequential(OrderedDict([
                ("fc", nn.Linear(embed_dim, representation_size)),
                ("act", nn.Tanh())
            ]))
        else:
            self.has_logits = False
            self.pre_logits = nn.Identity()

        # Classifier head(s)
        self.head = nn.Linear(self.num_features, num_classes) if num_classes > 0 else nn.Identity()
        self.head_dist = None
        if distilled:
            self.head_dist = nn.Linear(self.embed_dim, self.num_classes) if num_classes > 0 else nn.Identity()

        # Weight init
        nn.init.trunc_normal_(self.pos_embed, std=0.02)
        if self.dist_token is not None:
            nn.init.trunc_normal_(self.dist_token, std=0.02)

        nn.init.trunc_normal_(self.cls_token, std=0.02)
        self.apply(_init_vit_weights)

    def forward_features(self, x):
        # [B, C, H, W] -> [B, num_patches, embed_dim]
        x = self.patch_embed(x)  # [B, 196, 768]
        # [1, 1, 768] -> [B, 1, 768]
        cls_token = self.cls_token.expand(x.shape[0], -1, -1)
        if self.dist_token is None:
            x = torch.cat((cls_token, x), dim=1)  # [B, 197, 768]  分类维度拼接
        else:
            x = torch.cat((cls_token, self.dist_token.expand(x.shape[0], -1, -1), x), dim=1)

        x = self.pos_drop(x + self.pos_embed)
        x = self.blocks(x)
        x = self.norm(x)
        # 提取cls token的输出
        if self.dist_token is None:
            # pre_logits 是 indentity 层
            return self.pre_logits(x[:, 0])
        else:
            return x[:, 0], x[:, 1]

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.forward_features(x)
        if self.head_dist is not None:  # False
            x, x_dist = self.head(x[0]), self.head_dist(x[1])
            if self.training and not torch.jit.is_scripting():
                # during inference, return the average of both classifier predictions
                return x, x_dist
            else:
                return (x + x_dist) / 2
        else:
            x = self.head(x)  #liner 直接执行这里
        return x