Python—— 4.pip

pip 是通用的 Python 包管理工具。提供了对 Python 包的查找、下载、安装、卸载的功能。pip是官方推荐的安装和管理Python包的工具，用其来下载和管理Python非常方便。pip最大的优势是它不仅能将我们需要的包下载下来，而且会把相关依赖的包也下载下来。

一、安装

安装注意python版本

1.编译安装自带pip

2.脚本安装

[root@node2 ~]# python3 get-pip.py

二、配置pip国内源

1.临时使用

pip install -i [国内源地址] 程序名 [–trusted-host] [国内源地址]

2.pip.conf文件

[root@node2 ~]# mkdir ~/.pip
[root@node2 ~]# vi ~/.pip/pip.conf
[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
[install]
trusted-host = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

3.国内pip镜像站点

清华大学：https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
阿里云：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
豆瓣：http://pypi.douban.com/simple/

三、基本命令

1.安装模块

pip install <包名>

2.卸载模块

pip uninstall <包名>

3. 查看已安装的包及其版本

pip freeze

4.查看可升级的包

pip list -o

5.pip3升级指定包

pip install -U <包名>

6.升级pip3

python -m pip install --upgrade pip

7.安装wheel模块

pip install wheel

8.安装whl文件

pip install ***.whl

9.pip3 download

[root@node2 python3.7]# pip3 download --help

Usage:   
  pip3 download [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ...
  pip3 download [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ...
  pip3 download [options] <vcs project url> ...
  pip3 download [options] <local project path> ...
  pip3 download [options] <archive url/path> ...

Description:
  Download packages from:
  
  - PyPI (and other indexes) using requirement specifiers.
  - VCS project urls.
  - Local project directories.
  - Local or remote source archives.
  
  pip also supports downloading from "requirements files", which provide
  an easy way to specify a whole environment to be downloaded.

Download Options:
  -c, --constraint <file>     Constrain versions using the given constraints file. This option can be used multiple times.
  -r, --requirement <file>    Install from the given requirements file. This option can be used multiple times.
  -b, --build <dir>           Directory to unpack packages into and build in. Note that an initial build still takes place in a
                              temporary directory. The location of temporary directories can be controlled by setting the TMPDIR
                              environment variable (TEMP on Windows) appropriately. When passed, build directories are not cleaned in
                              case of failures.
  --no-deps                   Don't install package dependencies.
  --global-option <options>   Extra global options to be supplied to the setup.py call before the install command.
  --no-binary <format_control>
                              Do not use binary packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and each time adds to the existing value.
                              Accepts either :all: to disable all binary packages, :none: to empty the set, or one or more package
                              names with commas between them. Note that some packages are tricky to compile and may fail to install
                              when this option is used on them.
  --only-binary <format_control>
                              Do not use source packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and each time adds to the existing value.
                              Accepts either :all: to disable all source packages, :none: to empty the set, or one or more package
                              names with commas between them. Packages without binary distributions will fail to install when this
                              option is used on them.
  --prefer-binary             Prefer older binary packages over newer source packages.
  --src <dir>                 Directory to check out editable projects into. The default in a virtualenv is "<venv path>/src". The
                              default for global installs is "<current dir>/src".
  --pre                       Include pre-release and development versions. By default, pip only finds stable versions.
  --no-clean                  Don't clean up build directories.
  --require-hashes            Require a hash to check each requirement against, for repeatable installs. This option is implied when
                              any package in a requirements file has a --hash option.
  --progress-bar <progress_bar>
                              Specify type of progress to be displayed [off|on|ascii|pretty|emoji] (default: on)
  --no-build-isolation        Disable isolation when building a modern source distribution. Build dependencies specified by PEP 518
                              must be already installed if this option is used.
  --use-pep517                Use PEP 517 for building source distributions (use --no-use-pep517 to force legacy behaviour).
  -d, --dest <dir>            Download packages into <dir>.
  --platform <platform>       Only use wheels compatible with <platform>. Defaults to the platform of the running system.
  --python-version <python_version>
                              Only use wheels compatible with Python interpreter version <version>. If not specified, then the
                              current system interpreter minor version is used. A major version (e.g. '2') can be specified to match
                              all minor revs of that major version.  A minor version (e.g. '34') can also be specified.
  --implementation <implementation>
                              Only use wheels compatible with Python implementation <implementation>, e.g. 'pp', 'jy', 'cp',  or
                              'ip'. If not specified, then the current interpreter implementation is used.  Use 'py' to force
                              implementation-agnostic wheels.
  --abi <abi>                 Only use wheels compatible with Python abi <abi>, e.g. 'pypy_41'.  If not specified, then the current
                              interpreter abi tag is used.  Generally you will need to specify --implementation, --platform, and
                              --python-version when using this option.

Package Index Options:
  -i, --index-url <url>       Base URL of Python Package Index (default https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple). This should point
                              to a repository compliant with PEP 503 (the simple repository API) or a local directory laid out in the
                              same format.
  --extra-index-url <url>     Extra URLs of package indexes to use in addition to --index-url. Should follow the same rules as
                              --index-url.
  --no-index                  Ignore package index (only looking at --find-links URLs instead).
  -f, --find-links <url>      If a url or path to an html file, then parse for links to archives. If a local path or file:// url
                              that's a directory, then look for archives in the directory listing.

General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version               Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR,
                              and CRITICAL logging levels).
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort).
  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
  --cert <path>               Path to alternate CA bundle.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM
                              format.
  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download.
                              Implied with --no-index.
  --no-color                  Suppress colored output

10. pip3 help

[root@node2 python3.7]# pip3 --help 

Usage:   
  pip3 <command> [options]

Commands:
  install                     Install packages.
  download                    Download packages.
  uninstall                   Uninstall packages.
  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.
  list                        List installed packages.
  show                        Show information about installed packages.
  check                       Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
  config                      Manage local and global configuration.
  search                      Search PyPI for packages.
  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
  hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.
  completion                  A helper command used for command completion.
  help                        Show help for commands.

General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version               Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR,
                              and CRITICAL logging levels).
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort).
  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
  --cert <path>               Path to alternate CA bundle.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM
                              format.
  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download.
                              Implied with --no-index.
  --no-color                  Suppress colored output

11. pip3 show

[root@node2 python3.7]# pip3 show ipython
Name: ipython
Version: 7.12.0
Summary: IPython: Productive Interactive Computing
Home-page: https://ipython.org
Author: The IPython Development Team
Author-email: ipython-dev@python.org
License: BSD
Location: /share/python/python3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages
Requires: prompt-toolkit, pygments, jedi, traitlets, decorator, backcall, pexpect, pickleshare, setuptools
Required-by: 

————Blueicex 2020/2/22 18:30 blueice1980@126.com