KNN算法是懒惰的学习算法,没有明显的训练过程,预测时只需要使用已经有标注(分类学习)的训练数据即可
适用于多分类的学习任务
from numpy import*
import operator
import pdb
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from os import listdir
#测试数据
def createDataSet():
group = array([[1.0,1.1],[1.0,1.0],[0,0],[0,0.1]])
labels = ['A','A','B','B']
return group,labels
def classify0(inX, dataSet, labels, k):
'''
K-邻近算法:
inX:目标点
dataSet:数据集
labels:数据的标签,label的列数和dataSet一样
K:选取的K个邻近值
返回inx的属性
'''
dataSetSize = dataSet.shape[0] # 数据集大小
# 目标点到k邻近点的距离
diffMat = tile(inX, (dataSetSize, 1)) - dataSet
sqDiffMat = diffMat ** 2 # 平方
sqDistances = sqDiffMat.sum(axis=1) # 求和
distances = sqDistances ** 0.5 # 开方
sortedDistIndicies = distances.argsort() # 距离排序,返回的是distance排序后的索引
# 统计K个点所属类别
classCount = {}
for i in range(k):
voteIlabel = labels[sortedDistIndicies[i]]
classCount[voteIlabel] = classCount.get(voteIlabel, 0) + 1
sortedClassCount = sorted(classCount.items(), key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True)
# 返回频率最高的标签类别
return sortedClassCount[0][0]
#将读取文件,将文件转化为numpy数据
def file2matrix(filename):
fr = open(filename)
arrayOLines = fr.readlines()
numberOfLines = len(arrayOLines) #文件的行数
returnMat = zeros((numberOfLines,3)) #初始化矩阵
# pdb.set_trace()
classLabelVector = []
index = 0
for line in arrayOLines:
line = line.strip()
listFromLine = line.split('\t')
returnMat[index,:] = listFromLine[0:3]
classLabelVector.append(int(listFromLine[-1]))
index += 1
return returnMat,classLabelVector
#归一化数据
def autoNorm(dataSet):
# pdb.set_trace()
minVals = dataSet.min(0) #行最大,若参数为1 则是列最大
maxVals = dataSet.max(0)
ranges = maxVals - minVals
normDataSet = zeros(shape(dataSet))
m = dataSet.shape[0] #dataSet的行数,若参数为1则为列数
normDataSet = dataSet - tile(minVals,(m,1)) #计算每个数据与最小数据之间的差值
normDataSet = normDataSet/tile(ranges,(m,1))#归一化
return normDataSet,ranges,minVals
#绘图
def data_plt(datingDataMat,datingLabels):
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.scatter(datingDataMat[:, 1], datingDataMat[:, 2], 15.0 * array(datingLabels), 15.0 * array(datingLabels))
plt.show()
#分类器针对约会网站的测试代码
def datingClassText(datingDataMat,datingLabels):
hoRation = 0.10 #10%测试集
m = datingDataMat.shape[0]
numTestVecs = int(m*hoRation) #测试集总量
errorCount = 0.0
for i in range(numTestVecs):
'''
classify0参数
(预测点,数据集,标注,K的取值)
'''
classifierResult = classify0(datingDataMat[i,:],datingDataMat[numTestVecs:m,:],datingLabels[numTestVecs:m],3)
print(classifierResult,datingLabels[i])
if(classifierResult != datingLabels[i]):
errorCount += 1.0 #错误分类计数
print(errorCount/float(numTestVecs)) #错误分类概率
#约会网站预测函数
def classifyPerson(datingDataMat,datingLabels,ranges,minVals):
resultList = ['not at all','in small doses','in large doses']
#输入待测试数据,并将测试数据转换成numpy数据
percentTats = float(input("每年玩游戏的时间"))
ffMiles = float(input("每年飞行公里数"))
iceCream = float(input("每年冰激凌消耗数"))
inArr = array([ffMiles,percentTats,iceCream])
#使用KNN算法
classifierResult = classify0((inArr-minVals)/ranges,datingDataMat,datingLabels,3)
#输出预测结果
print('the result is :',resultList[classifierResult-1])
'''
手写识别系统
数据解释:trainingDigits是训练数据,testDigits是测试数据
'''
#每次只读一张图片(一个txt文件),将每张图片合成的数据,改成1*1024的numpy矩阵
def img2vector(filename):
returnVect = zeros((1,1024))
fr = open(filename)
for i in range(32):
lineStr = fr.readline()
for j in range(32):
returnVect[0,32*i+j] = int(lineStr[j])
return returnVect
#识别程序
def handwritingClassTest(traindir,testdir):
'''
读取训练数据,生成训练集
'''
hwLabels = [] #用于存储每张图片所表示的数字,即数据属性
trainingFileList = listdir(traindir) #读取指定文件下下所有文件
m = len(trainingFileList)#计算总文件数目
trainingMat = zeros((m,1024))#存储所有图片数字矩阵,m*1024,
for i in range(m):#"0_7.txt" 文件名样式
fileNameStr = trainingFileList[i] #第i个文件的文件名
fileStr = fileNameStr.split('.')[0] #取文件名的前面,即去掉txt
classNumStr = int(fileStr.split('_')[0]) #从文件名获取当前文件所保存的图像表示的数字
hwLabels.append(classNumStr)
path = '{}/{}'.format(traindir, fileNameStr)
trainingMat[i:] = img2vector(path) #循环读入每个文件
'''
读取测试数据,对每个数据进行测试
'''
testFileList = listdir(testdir)
errorCount = 0.0
mTest = len(testFileList)
for i in range(mTest):
fileNameStr = testFileList[i]
fileStr = fileNameStr.split('.')[0]
classNumStr = int(fileStr.split('_')[0])
vectorUnderTest = img2vector('{}/{}'.format(testdir,fileNameStr))
classifierResult = classify0(vectorUnderTest,trainingMat,hwLabels,3) #进行预测
if classifierResult != classNumStr: #错误预测结果计数
errorCount += 1
print(" {}, {}".format(classifierResult,classNumStr))
print('the error rate is:',errorCount/float(mTest)) #错误预测率
if __name__ == '__main__':
# group,labels = createDataSet()
# datingDataMat,datingLabels = file2matrix('datingTestSet2.txt')
# datingDataMat,ranges,minVals = autoNorm(datingDataMat)
# # data_plt(datingDataMat,datingLabels)
# datingClassText(datingDataMat,datingLabels)
# classifyPerson(datingDataMat,datingLabels,ranges,minVals)
# img2vector('digits/trainingDigits/0_1.txt')
path_train = 'digits/trainingDigits'
path_test = 'digits/testDigits'
handwritingClassTest(path_train,path_test)
# pdb.set_trace()