Machine Learning In Action - Chapter 2 KNN

Chapter 2 - KNN

• KNN伪代码

For every point in our dataset:
  calculate the distance between inX and the current point
  sort the distances in increasing order
  take k items with lowest distances to inX
  find the majority class among these items
  return the majority class as our prediction for the class of inX

• 约会网站

datingTestSet.txt里的标签无法转为int，用datingTestSet2.txt

标准化

When dealing with values that lie in different ranges, it’s common to normalize them.

Common ranges to normalize them to are 0 to 1 or -1 to 1.

To scale everything from 0 to 1, you need to apply the following formula:

newValue = (oldValue-min)/(max-min)

def autoNorm(dataSet):
    minVals = dataSet.min(0)
    maxVals = dataSet.max(0)
    ranges = maxVals- minVals
    normDataSet = zeros(shape(dataSet))
    m = dataSet.shape[0]
    normDataSet = dataSet - tile(minVals,(m,1))
    normDataSet = normDataSet/tile(ranges,(m,1))
    return normDataSet,ranges,minVals

分类函数：

def classify0(inX,dataSet,labels,k):
    dataSetSize = dataSet.shape[0]
    diffMat = tile(inX,(dataSetSize,1)) -dataSet
    sqDiffMat = diffMat**2
    sqDistances = sqDiffMat.sum(axis=1)
    distances = sqDistances**0.5
    sortedDistIndicies = distances.argsort()
    classCount = {}
    for i in range(k):
        voteIlabel = labels[sortedDistIndicies[i]]
        classCount[voteIlabel] = classCount.get(voteIlabel,0) + 1
        sortedClassCount = sorted(classCount.iteritems(),
            key = operator.itemgetter(1),reverse = True)
    return sortedClassCount[0][0]

完整：

def datingClassTest():
    hoRatio = 0.30
    datingDataMat,datingLabels = file2matrix("datingTestSet2.txt")
    normMat,ranges,minVals = autoNorm(datingDataMat)
    m = normMat.shape[0]
    numTestVecs = int(m*hoRatio)
    errorCount = 0.0
    for i in range(numTestVecs):
        res = classify0(normMat[i,:],normMat[numTestVecs:m,:],
            datingLabels[numTestVecs:m],6)
        # print "the classifier came back with: %d, the real answer is: %d"% (res, datingLabels[i])
        if res != datingLabels[i]:
            errorCount += 1.0
    print "error rate:",errorCount/float(numTestVecs)

• 数字识别

def img2vector(filename):
    returnVect = zeros((1,1024))
    fr = open(filename)
    for i in range(32):
        lineStr = fr.readline()
        for j in range(32):
            returnVect[0,32*i+j] = int(lineStr[j])
    return returnVect

def handwritingClassTest():
    hwLabels = []
    trainingFileList = listdir('trainingDigits')
    m = len(trainingFileList)
    trainingMat = zeros((m,1024))
    for i in range(m):
        fileNameStr = trainingFileList[i]
        fileStr = fileNameStr.split('.')[0]
        classNumStr = int(fileStr.split('_')[0])
        hwLabels.append(classNumStr)
        trainingMat[i,:] = img2vector('trainingDigits/%s'%fileNameStr)
    testFileList = listdir("testDigits")
    errorCount = 0.0
    mTest = len(testFileList)
    for i in range(mTest):
        fileNameStr = testFileList[i]
        fileStr = fileNameStr.split('.')[0]
        classNumStr = int(fileStr.split('_')[0])
        vectorUnderTest = img2vector('testDigits/%s'%fileNameStr)
        res = classify0(vectorUnderTest,trainingMat,hwLabels,4)
        if res!= classNumStr:
            errorCount+=1
    print "error rate:",errorCount/mTest