设计模式9-模板模式

1.场景问题解决

1.1 场景描述

1.2 OO设计

1.3 需求变动

1.4 带来问题

2.用设计模式改进

2.1 分析

2.2 重新设计

2.3 源码-不带Hook

• Drink(模板抽象类)

public abstract class Drink {

    final void prepareRecipe() {
        boilWater();
        brew();
        pourInCup();
        addCondiments();
    }

    abstract void brew();

    abstract void addCondiments();

    void boilWater() {
        System.out.println("Boiling water");
    }

    void pourInCup() {
        System.out.println("Pouring into cup");
    }
}

• 具体实现类Drink和Tea

public class Coffee extends Drink {
    public void brew() {
        System.out.println("Dripping Coffee through filter");
    }

    public void addCondiments() {
        System.out.println("Adding Sugar and Milk");
    }
}



public class Tea extends Drink {
    public void brew() {
        System.out.println("Steeping the tea");
    }

    public void addCondiments() {
        System.out.println("Adding Lemon");
    }
}

• 测试类 TestDrink

public class TestDrink {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Tea tea = new Tea();
        Coffee coffee = new Coffee();

        System.out.println("\nMaking tea...");
        tea.prepareRecipe();

        System.out.println("\nMaking coffee...");
        coffee.prepareRecipe();
    }
}

2.4 带Hook

• DrinkWithHook

public abstract class DrinkWithHook {

    void prepareRecipe() {
        boilWater();
        brew();
        pourInCup();
        if (customerWantsCondiments()) {
            addCondiments();
        }
    }

    abstract void brew();

    abstract void addCondiments();

    void boilWater() {
        System.out.println("Boiling water");
    }

    void pourInCup() {
        System.out.println("Pouring into cup");
    }

    boolean customerWantsCondiments() {
        return true;
    }
}

• 模板具体实现 CoffeeWithHook 和TeaWithHook

public class CoffeeWithHook extends DrinkWithHook {

    public void brew() {
        System.out.println("Dripping Coffee through filter");
    }

    public void addCondiments() {
        System.out.println("Adding Sugar and Milk");
    }

    public boolean customerWantsCondiments() {
            return false;
    }
}


public class TeaWithHook extends DrinkWithHook {

    public void brew() {
        System.out.println("Steeping the tea");
    }

    public void addCondiments() {
        System.out.println("Adding Lemon");
    }

    public boolean customerWantsCondiments() {
            return true;
    }
}

• 测试类 TestHookDrink

public class TestHookDrink {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TeaWithHook teaHook = new TeaWithHook();
        CoffeeWithHook coffeeHook = new CoffeeWithHook();

        System.out.println("\nMaking tea...");
        teaHook.prepareRecipe();

        System.out.println("\nMaking coffee...");
        coffeeHook.prepareRecipe();
    }
}

3.设计模式总结

3.1 定义

*模板方法:*封装了一个算法步骤,并允许子类为一个或多个步骤方法提供实现.
模板模式可以在使子类在不改变算法结构的情况下,重新定义算法中的某些步骤.

3.2 好莱坞原则

好莱坞原则: 别调用我们,我们会调用你 .
意义: 高层无需知道调用底层的细节,解耦.

3.2 分析思路

4. 设计模式使用场景及注意

• interface Comparable
• abstract class AbstractQueuedSynchronizer (AQS)

5.参考文章

内容总计于HeadFirst设计模式及相关视频