c++ stl library 学习（8）

Predicates:Unary Predicates and Binay Predicates

bool isPrime (int number)；

list<int>::iterator pos;
pos = find_if (coll.begin(), coll.end(), //range
isPrime); //predicate //返回isPrime为True的第一个元素的位置。如果找不到符合条件的元素，则返回coll.end()的位置。

Binary predicates typically compare a specific property of two arguments.

class Person {
public:
string firstname() const;
string lastname() const;
...
};

bool personSortCriterion (const Person& p1, const Person& p2)；

sort (coll. begin(), coll. end() , //range

personSortCriterion);//binary Predicate

Function Objects:

Functional arguments for algorithms don't have to be functions. They can be objects that behave
as functions

You could say that anything that behaves like a function is a function A functional behavior is something that you

can call by using parentheses and passing arguments.

All you have to do is define operator () with the appropriate parameter
types:
class X {
public:
//define "function call" operator
return-value operator() (arguments) const;
...
};

X fo;
...
fo(arg1, arg2); //call operator () for function object fo

Function objects are "smart functions."

Each function object has its own type

Function objects are usually faster than ordinary functions.

for_each函数类似的定义op对象必须有operator（）定义。

namespace std {
template <class Iterator, class Operation>
Operation for_each (Iterator act, Iterator end, Operation op)
{
while (act != end) { //as long as not reached the end
op (*act); // - call op() for actual element
act++; // - move iterator to the next element
}
return op; }
}
}

Predefined Function Objects：

class less<>，greater<>,negate< >,multiplies<>