本章在Docker环境下创建两个MySQL容器,再配置成一主一从,今天的配置都是手工输入命令完成的,这么做是为了熟悉MySQL主从配置的基本步骤,为接下来的实战打好基础,后面的章节中,我们自制MySQL主从镜像,实现以最简化的方式搭建一个MySQL主从环境;
原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/boling_cavalry/article/details/79751085
动手前我们先将所有步骤逐一列举出来:
master容器上的操作步骤列表
- 创建master容器;
- 配置master,开启log-bin,设置server-id;
- 重启容器;
- 创建用于同步的用户账号;
- 授权用户同步;
- 刷新权限;
- 查看状态;
slave容器上的操作步骤列表
- 创建slave容器;
- 设置server-id;
- 重启容器;
- 设置同步;
- 启动同步;
- 查看状态;
接下来我们就开始实战吧;
实战环境
- 当前电脑的操作系统是Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS;
- docker的版本信息如下:
Client:
Version: 17.03.2-ce
API version: 1.27
Go version: go1.7.5
Git commit: f5ec1e2
Built: Tue Jun 27 03:35:14 2017
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Server:
Version: 17.03.2-ce
API version: 1.27 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.7.5
Git commit: f5ec1e2
Built: Tue Jun 27 03:35:14 2017
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
master操作
- 创建master容器,在docker环境执行以下命令:
docker run \
--name master \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=888888 \
-idt \
mysql:5.7.21
- 执行docker exec -it master /bin/bash进入容器;
- 执行命令<font color="blue"cat /etc/hosts查看容器的IP地址,如下:
root@8415bf7ba565:/# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.2 8415bf7ba565
如上所示,master容器在docker环境下的IP地址为172.17.0.2,“8415bf7ba565”是容器的ID,这个ID在宿主机执行docker ps命令时可以看到;
- 执行apt-get update更新apt;
- 执行apt-get install -y vim安装vim工具;
- 打开文件/etc/mysql/my.cnf,在尾部新增三行,内容如下:
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1
以上配置的作用是开启bin-log,并且设置自己在集群中的id;
7. 执行exit命令退出容器,再执行docker restart master重启容器;
8. 重启成功后再次进入master容器,执行命令mysql -uroot -p进入mysql命令行,按照提示输入密码"888888",成功进入,如下图:
9. 执行以下命令,创建用于同步的用户账号rep,密码是888888:
CREATE USER 'rep'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '888888';
- 执行以下命令,授权用户同步:
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'rep'@'%';
- 执行以下命令刷新权限:
flush privileges;
- 执行命令show master status;查看同步状态,如下,请关注下表的File和Position这两个字段的值 :
mysql> CREATE USER 'rep'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '888888';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'rep'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.62 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 745 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 与master相关的三个重要参数如下表所示,在设置slave的时候会用到:
参数名 | 参数值 |
---|---|
master IP地址 | 172.17.0.2 |
bin log文件名 | mysql-bin.000001 |
bin log执行位置 | 745 |
至此,master已经设置成功,接下来设置slave吧,
slave操作步
- 创建slave容器,在docker环境执行以下命令:
docker run \
--name slave \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=888888 \
-idt \
mysql:5.7.21
- 执行docker exec -it slave /bin/bash进入容器
- 执行apt-get update更新apt;
- 执行apt-get install -y vim安装vim工具;
- 打开文件/etc/mysql/my.cnf,在尾部新增两行,内容如下:
[mysqld]
server-id=2
以上配置的作用是设置自己在集群中的id;
6. 执行exit命令退出容器,再执行docker restart slave重启容器;
7. 重启成功后再次进入slave容器,执行命令mysql -uroot -p进入mysql命令行,按照提示输入密码"888888",成功进入;
8. 在MySQL的命令行执行以下命令,设置主从同步的参数:
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.17.0.2', \
MASTER_USER='rep', \
MASTER_PASSWORD='888888', \
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', \
MASTER_LOG_POS=745;
MASTER_HOST是master的IP地址;
MASTER_USER和MASTER_PASSWORD是master授权的同步账号和密码;
MASTER_LOG_FILE是master的bin log文件名;
MASTER_LOG_POS是bin log同步的位置;
9. 在MySQL命令行执行start slave;启动同步;
10. 在MySQL命令行执行show slave status\G查看同步状态,如下:
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.17.0.2', \
-> MASTER_USER='rep', \
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='888888', \
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', \
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=745;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (1.68 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.17.0.2
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 745
Relay_Log_File: a2adc636bc4e-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 745
Relay_Log_Space: 534
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: c4a1fd87-33ca-11e8-8bdf-0242ac110002
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
检查以上信息中的Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running两个字段的值,如果都是Yes就表示同步启动成功,否则代表启动失败,Slave_SQL_Running_State字段会说明失败原因;
至此,MySQL主从同步已经完成,接下来一起验证一下吧;
验证主从同步
- 进入master容器的MySQL命令行,执行以下四个命令,完成创建数据库、选择数据库、创建表、新增记录等操作:
create database test001;
use test001;
CREATE TABLE `test_table` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
insert into test_table(name) values ('jerry');
- 进入slave容器的MySQL命令行,选择test001数据库,可以看到表test_table和记录都已经同步过来了,如下:
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| test001 |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.05 sec)
mysql> use test001;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from test_table;
+----+-------+
| id | name |
+----+-------+
| 1 | jerry |
+----+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
至此,Docker下手工配置MySQL主从的实战就完成了,经过这次实战我们熟悉了整个设置的过程,接下来的章节我们将这些配置都做进自制的镜像中,实现支持主从同步的docker镜像,这样容器启动后无需设置就支持同步了;