组成应用程序的Bean经常需要相互协作以完成应用程序的功能,要使Bean能够相互访问,就必须在Bean配置文件中指定对Bean的引用。
在Bean的配置文件中,可以通过元素或ref属性为Bean的属性或构造器参数指定对Bean的引用。
也可以在属性或构造器里包含Bean的声明,这样的Bean称为内部Bean。
下面通过实例来演示如何通过使用property的ref属性建立bean之间的引用关系:
1、建立Car.java
package spring.beans;
public class Car {
private String brand;
private String corp;
private int price;
private double maxSpeed;
//创建构造器
public Car(String brand,String corp,double maxSpeed){
super();
this.brand=brand;
this.corp=corp;
this.maxSpeed=maxSpeed;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", corp=" + corp + ", price=" + price + ", maxSpeed=" + maxSpeed + "]";
}
}
2、建立Person.java
package spring.beans;
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private Car car;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Car getCar() {
return car;
}
public void setCar(Car car) {
this.car = car;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]";
}
}
其中get、set、toString通过自动添加:
3、配置applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!-- 通过 构造方法来配置bean的属性-->
<!-- 使用构造器注入属性值可以指定参数的位置和参数的类型,以区分重载的构造器 -->
<bean id="car" class="spring.beans.Car">
<constructor-arg value="Audi" index="0"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="NanJing" index="1"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg type="double">
<value>120</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="person" class="spring.beans.Person">
<property name="name" value="zch"></property>
<property name="age" value="24"></property>
<!-- 可以使用property的ref属性建立bean之间的引用关系 -->
<property name="car" ref="car"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
4、创建Main.java
package spring.beans;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args){
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Car car=ctx.getBean(Car.class);
System.out.println(car);
Person person =(Person)ctx.getBean("person");
System.out.println(person);
}
}
5、执行Main.java,效果如下