Python 随机列表、集合、元组、字典的生成和排序

随机列表

>>> from random import randrange as rand
>>> [rand(0,10) for i in range(8)]
[3, 1, 0, 9, 2, 9, 9, 5]
>>> [rand(0,10) for i in range(8)]
[9, 2, 4, 9, 3, 4, 2, 8]
>>> [rand(0,10) for i in range(8)]
[7, 2, 2, 4, 5, 0, 1, 8]
>>> [rand(0,10) for i in range(8)]
[9, 1, 2, 0, 1, 5, 9, 0]
>>> 

列表排序

>>> from random import randrange as rand
>>> listA=[rand(0,10) for i in range(8)]
>>> listA
[1, 2, 2, 4, 8, 6, 2, 9]
>>> listB=sorted(listA)
>>> listB
[1, 2, 2, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9]
>>> 

随机集合

>>> from random import randrange as rand
>>> {rand(0,10) for i in range(8)}
{2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9}
>>> {rand(0,10) for i in range(8)}
{0, 1, 3, 8, 9}
>>> {rand(0,10) for i in range(8)}
{0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
>>> {rand(0,10) for i in range(8)}
{0, 2, 3, 4}
>>> 

因为集合set不允许有重复值，这种方式生成实际上每次都有8个随机数生成，只是最后结果已去掉了重复数字，所以集合的元素个数也变随机的了。还有一点：这样生成的集合已是升序排列。

集合排序

直接对一个集合用sorted()排序会被强制转成列表的，用set()转回来即可。

>>> setA={5, 1, 9, 4, 2, 6, 3, 8}
>>> sorted(setA)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9]
>>> set(sorted(setA))
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9}
>>> 

随机元组

与上面用同样的表达式，只是[] {} 换作()，但是并没有得到想要的“随机元组”，意外的产品：迭代器

>>> from random import randrange as rand
>>> (rand(0,10) for i in range(8))
<generator object <genexpr> at 0x00000000029E6DD0>
>>> (rand(0,10) for i in range(8))
<generator object <genexpr> at 0x00000000029E6CF0>
>>> g=(rand(0,10) for i in range(8))
>>> type(g)
<class 'generator'>
>>> for i in g: print(i)

6
8
9
7
5
3
9
9
>>> 

用tuple()转换一下这个迭代器即可得到随机元组了： 

>>> from random import randrange as rand
>>> g=(rand(0,10) for i in range(8))
>>> tuple(g)
(5, 0, 4, 7, 5, 9, 5, 9)
>>> tuple(rand(0,10) for i in range(8))
(8, 3, 2, 5, 0, 7, 0, 9)
>>> tuple(rand(0,10) for i in range(8))
(5, 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4)
>>> tuple(rand(0,10) for i in range(8))
(7, 8, 9, 0, 5, 8, 2, 2)
>>> 

元组排序

直接对它排序也被转成列表，也说得过去，因为元组的元素不可变，再用tuple()转回来即可。

>>> from random import randrange as rand
>>> tupleA=tuple(rand(0,10) for i in range(8))
>>> tupleB=sorted(tupleA)
>>> tupleB
[0, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7]
>>> tupleB=tuple(sorted(tupleA))
>>> tupleB
(0, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7)
>>> 

随机字典

字典的键是唯一的，所以这样生成的键值对个数也是不定的。

>>> from random import randrange as rand
>>> {rand(0,10):rand(0,10) for i in range(8)}
{6: 7, 5: 3, 9: 0, 1: 9, 0: 5, 3: 6}
>>> {rand(0,10):rand(0,10) for i in range(8)}
{7: 2, 0: 2, 4: 7}
>>> {rand(0,10):rand(0,10) for i in range(8)}
{1: 7, 8: 8, 5: 6, 0: 4, 6: 6}
>>> {rand(0,10):rand(0,10) for i in range(8)}
{3: 6, 1: 6, 4: 4, 0: 1, 7: 5, 8: 5, 2: 7}
>>> dictA={rand(0,10):rand(0,10) for i in range(8)}
>>> type(dictA)
<class 'dict'>
>>> 

固定键值对个数的生成法：

>>> from random import randrange as rand
>>> {i+1:rand(0,10) for i in range(8)}
{1: 1, 2: 6, 3: 3, 4: 9, 5: 4, 6: 4, 7: 6, 8: 3}
>>> {i+1:rand(0,10) for i in range(8)}
{1: 9, 2: 3, 3: 4, 4: 9, 5: 5, 6: 4, 7: 3, 8: 8}
>>> 

字典排序

直接对字典排序，只是生成一个升序的临时列表，字典本身并没有被排序。按那个临时列表的顺序，读取对应的键值即可生成升序字典了。

>>> from random import randrange as rand
>>> dictA={rand(0,10):rand(0,10) for i in range(8)}
>>> dictA
{8: 8, 4: 9, 0: 2, 6: 6, 3: 9, 9: 0}
>>> sorted(dictA)
[0, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9]
>>> dictA
{8: 8, 4: 9, 0: 2, 6: 6, 3: 9, 9: 0}
>>> dictB={i:dictA[i] for i in sorted(dictA)}
>>> dictB
{0: 2, 3: 9, 4: 9, 6: 6, 8: 8, 9: 0}
>>> type(dictB)
<class 'dict'>
>>>