servlet&request&response笔记

孱屹.

已于 2022-06-22 16:09:50 修改

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文章标签： servlet java xml

于 2022-06-21 17:38:30 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/brokenyears/article/details/125393381

版权

新建一个类ServletTest实现Servlet并重写方法

public class ServletTest implements Servlet {
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

（1）init方法：默认情况下，servlet被第一次访问时调用，只调用一次

（2）service方法：每次请求Servlet都会被调用

（3）destroy：在内存释放或服务器关闭的时候调用

（4）getServletInfo：获取Servlet信息

（5）ServletConfig：获取ServletConfig对象

体系结构：

因为每次重写太麻烦，并且常用的方法只有service，因此直接继承HttpServlet简化操作

package servletDemo.request;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

//访问路径
@WebServlet("/demo4")
public class ServletDemo4 extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("get...");

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("post...");
    }
}

url配置：在浏览器中填写/demo1或/demo2都可以访问

Request：获取请求数据

Response：设置响应数据

package servletDemo.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;


@WebServlet("/demo5")
public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //1.获取方法
        String method = req.getMethod();
        System.out.println(method);
        //2.获取虚拟路径--/tomcatDemo
        String contextPath = req.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(contextPath);
        //3.获取URL资源路径--http://localhost:8080/tomcatDemo/demo5
        StringBuffer url = req.getRequestURL();
        System.out.println(url);
        //4.获取uri--统一资源标识符
        String uri = req.getRequestURI();
        System.out.println(uri);
        //5.获取请求参数
        String queryString = req.getQueryString();
        System.out.println(queryString);
        //6. 获取请求头--浏览器的版本信息
        String header = req.getHeader("user-agent");
        System.out.println(header);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //获取post请求体：请求参数

        //1.获取字符输入流
        BufferedReader br = req.getReader();
        //2.读取数据
        String s = br.readLine();
        System.out.println(s);

    }
}

通用方式获取请求参数：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/tomcatDemo/demo6" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="username"><br>
    <input type="password" name="password"><br>
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="1">游泳
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="2">健身<br>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

package servletDemo.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Map;


@WebServlet("/demo6")
public class RequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
        //1.获取所有参数的map集合
        Map<String, String[]> map = req.getParameterMap();
        for (String key : map.keySet()) {
            // username:zhangsan
            System.out.print(key + ":");
            //获取值
            String[] values = map.get(key);
            for (String value : values) {
                System.out.print(value + " ");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
        System.out.println("--------");
        //2.根据key获取参数值，数组
        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
        for (String hobby : hobbies) {
            System.out.print(hobby + "  ");
        }
        //3.根据key获取单个值
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");

        //解决 中文乱码
        username = new String(username.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        System.out.println("username:" + username);
        System.out.println("password:" + password);
    }


    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //解决post中文乱码
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        this.doGet(req, resp);

    }
}

结果为：

解决中文乱码问题：

get：

new String(username.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

post：

req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

请求转发：

        //请求转发语句，其中“req4”是需要转发的新地址，只需要修改它就ok
        req.getRequestDispatcher("req4").forward(req, resp);

重定向：

package servletDemo;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ResponseDemo1 {

    @WebServlet("/resp1")
    public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
            resp.setStatus(302);
            resp.setHeader("Location", "/tomcat/resp2");
*/

            //简化方式：
            System.out.println("resp1......");
            //"/tomcatDemo/resp2"：重定向新地址
            resp.sendRedirect("/tomcatDemo/resp2");
        }


        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        }
    }
}

response响应字符数据：

package servletDemo;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class ResponseDemo3 {
    @WebServlet("/resp3")
    public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            System.out.println("resp3");
            //设置编码格式和HTML
            resp.setContentType("text/html; charset=utf-8");
            //获取字符输出流
            PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
            writer.write("好的呢");
            writer.write("<h2>hello<h2>");
        }
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        }
    }
}

response响应字节数据：

package servletDemo;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class ResponseDemo4 {

    @WebServlet("/resp4")
    public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //1.读取文件
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("d://a.html");
            //2.获取response字节输出流
            ServletOutputStream os = resp.getOutputStream();
            //3.完成流的copy
            byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
            int len = 0;
            while ((len = fis.read(buff)) != -1) {
                os.write(buff, 0, len);
            }
            fis.close();
        }
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        }
    }
}