栈
栈(stack)又名堆栈,它是一种运算受限的线性表。限定仅在表尾进行插入和删除操作的线性表。这一端被称为栈顶,相对地,把另一端称为栈底。
栈具有先进后出(FILO)的特点
入栈和出栈
向一个栈插入新元素又称作进栈、入栈或压栈,它是把新元素放到栈顶元素的上面,使之成为新的栈顶元素;从一个栈删除元素又称作出栈或退栈,它是把栈顶元素删除掉,使其相邻的元素成为新的栈顶元素。
入栈和出栈核心代码
入栈
int push(SqStack &st, int &x)
{
if(st.top==maxSize-1)
return 0;
++(st.top);
st.data[st.top]=x;
return 1;
}
出栈
int pop(SqStack &st, int &x)
{
if(st.top==-1)
return 0;
x=st.data[st.top];
--(st.top);
return 1;
}
了解了入栈出栈核心代码后,便可以借助canvas绘制出一个简易的栈的操作演示系统,以下是代码。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../components/bootstrap-4.4.1-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<style>
body{
position: relative;
}
#canvas {
position: absolute;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
left: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, 0);
}
#operateStack{
width:200px;
margin-top: 10px;
margin-left: 10px;
}
#inStack,#outStack{
margin-left: 10px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert" style="text-align: center">
注: 为确保演示效果,默认最多演示十个元素
</div>
<canvas id="canvas" width="1000" height="500">
</canvas>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入插入元素的值..." id="operateStack">
<br>
<button type="button" id="inStack" class="btn btn-primary">入栈</button>
<button type="button" id="outStack" class="btn btn-primary">出栈</button>
<br><br>
</body>
<script src="../components/js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="../components/bootstrap-4.4.1-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="../components/js/draw.js"></script>
<script>
window.onload = function () {
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
//判断浏览器是否支持canvas
if (canvas.getContext("2d")) {
var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
} else {
alert("当前浏览器不支持canvas,请更换浏览器稍后再试")
}
var img = new Image();
var stack = [];
//绘制栈的结构
drawStackFinal(context,stack);
$("#inStack").click(function () {
if(stack.length>=10){
alert("栈已满,不能再继续入栈操作!");
$("#operateStack").val("");
} else {
img.src='../components/img/stackIn.png';
img.onload = function(){
context.drawImage(img,500,180);
console.log(img.width);
};
var drawTimes=0;
var stackInInterval=setInterval(function () {
context.save();
//清空画布
context.clearRect(0,0,200,500);
//绘制当前的栈
drawStackFinal(context,stack);
//绘制元素
drawRect(context,100,50+40*drawTimes, 50, 40,1, '#fff', '#FF0', $("#operateStack").val(),"#000",5,25 );
//绘制箭头
drawLineArrow(context,200,75+drawTimes*40,160,75+drawTimes*40,'#000');
drawTimes+=1;
if (drawTimes > (10-stack.length)){
clearInterval(stackInInterval);
}
context.restore();
},100);
//绘制最终的结果
setTimeout(function () {
stack[stack.length]=$("#operateStack").val();
drawStackFinal(context,stack);
$("#operateStack").val("");
},3000)
}
});
$("#outStack").click(function () {
if(stack.length<=0){
alert("栈已空,不能再继续出栈操作!");
$("#operateStack").val("");
} else {
img.src='../components/img/stackOut.png';
img.onload = function(){
context.drawImage(img,500,180);
console.log(img.width);
};
var drawTimes=0;
var outElement=stack[stack.length-1];
stack.length--;
var stackOutInterval=setInterval(function () {
context.save();
//清空画布
context.clearRect(0,0,200,500);
//绘制当前的栈
drawStackFinal(context,stack);
//绘制元素
drawRect(context,100,50+40*(10-stack.length)-40*drawTimes, 50, 40,1, '#fff', '#FF0', outElement,"#000",5,25 );
//绘制箭头
drawLineArrow(context,200,75+40*(10-stack.length)-40*drawTimes,160,75+40*(10-stack.length)-40*drawTimes,'#000');
drawTimes+=1;
if (drawTimes > (10-stack.length)){
clearInterval(stackOutInterval);
}
context.restore();
},100);
setTimeout(function () {
drawStackFinal(context,stack);
$("#operateStack").val("");
},3000)
}
})
};
</script>
</html>