线段树查询 II

对于一个数组，我们可以对其建立一棵 线段树, 每个结点存储一个额外的值 count 来代表这个结点所指代的数组区间内的元素个数. (数组中并不一定每个位置上都有元素)

实现一个 query 的方法，该方法接受三个参数 root, start 和 end, 分别代表线段树的根节点和需要查询的区间，找到数组中在区间[start, end]内的元素个数。

样例

对于数组 [0, 空，2, 3], 对应的线段树为：

                     [0, 3, count=3]
                     /             \
          [0,1,count=1]             [2,3,count=2]
          /         \               /            \
   [0,0,count=1] [1,1,count=0] [2,2,count=1], [3,3,count=1]

query(1, 1), return 0

query(1, 2), return 1

query(2, 3), return 2

query(0, 2), return 2

/**
 * Definition of SegmentTreeNode:
 * class SegmentTreeNode {
 * public:
 *     int start, end, count;
 *     SegmentTreeNode *left, *right;
 *     SegmentTreeNode(int start, int end, int count) {
 *         this->start = start;
 *         this->end = end;
 *         this->count = count;
 *         this->left = this->right = NULL;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
public:
    /**
     *@param root, start, end: The root of segment tree and 
     *                         an segment / interval
     *@return: The count number in the interval [start, end] 
     */
    int query(SegmentTreeNode *root, int start, int end) {
        // write your code here
        if (root == NULL || start > root->end)
        {
            return 0;
        }
        if (start == root->start && end == root->end)
        {
            return root->count;
        }
        else if (start >= root->left->start && start <= root->left->end)
        {
            if (end <= root->left->end)
            {
                return query(root->left, start, end);
            }
            else
            {
                return query(root->left, start, root->left->end) 
                            + query(root->right, root->right->start, 
                                    min(end, root->right->end));
            }
        }
        else
        {
            return query(root->right, start, min(end, root->right->end));
        }
    }
};