RTTI机制的Class对象
首先明确一个观点:Class是一个类名(class Class)。
当我们编写了一个类并通过编译后,这个类就会生成一个Class对象,被保存在。class文件中类运行时被加载实际上加载的是这个Class对象并完成相应的初始化工作,以后程序中生成该类的实例时由这个Class对象来完成。
类Class有一个static方法forName(),用来获得指定类的Class对象引用(会抛"ClassNotFoundException"异常)。注意该方法并不为指定类实例化对象,这个功能是由newInstance()方法完成的(会抛出"InstantiationException"和"IllegalAccessException"异常)。注意返回的是一个Object对象。
//ClassTest.java
//Show the usage of the Class object in RTTI
package com.msn.spaces.bryantd001;
class NBAPlayer{
private String name;
private int number;
static{
System.out.println("Creating NBA players");
}
NBAPlayer(String name, int number){
this.name = name;
this.number = number;
System.out.println(this);
}
NBAPlayer(){
this("No Name", 0);
}
public String toString(){
return "The player is "+name+" , his number is "+number+".";
}
}
public class ClassTest{
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
Class playerClass = Class.forName("com.msn.spaces.bryantd001.NBAPlayer");
System.out.println("The class NBAPlayer is loaded successfully!! But haven't create a player object!!");
//利用newInstance()方法返回的对象是Object,使用时需要向下转型
Object player = playerClass.newInstance();
//newInstance()方法只能用于缺省构造方法
//Object player = playerClass.newInstance("Kobe Bryantd", 8);
}catch(ClassNotFoundException e){
System.out.println("The class NBAPlayer is not found!!");
System.exit(1);
}catch(InstantiationException e){
System.out.println("Cannot instantiate!!");
}catch(IllegalAccessException e){
System.out.println("Cannot access!!");
}
}
}