Hibernate映射多对一关联

Hibernate映射多对一关联
关键字: hibernate映射多对一关联
自己总结：
一对一双向关联问题，比较复杂

Hibernate映射多对一关联，不能够双向关联，因为反过来变成多对一就产生了冗余。
数据库：SQL Server 2000
JDK版本：JDK 1.5
开发IDE：Ecclipse 3.2+MyEclipse 5.0
使用SQL Server2000数据库，新建数据库shirdrn，新建两张表teacher和student，分别如下所示：
教师表teacher：


学生表student：


从学生的角度看，与教师是多对一关联，即一个学生一定对应一个教师（而从教师角度看就是一对多，我们选定以学生为参照），所以在学生表的映射文件里面配置与教师的关联。其实，也就是我们的意图是想通过学生获取教师的信息，而不需要通过教师获取学生信息，这些是限定条件。所以必须能从Student的一方get到Teacher，因而就在学生里配置关联。
student表对应的映射文件和持久化类分别为：
映射文件Student.hbm.xml：
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!--
Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse - Hibernate Tools
-->
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="org.shirdrn.entity.Student" table="student">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
<column name="id" />
<generator class="identity" />
</id>
<property name="sno" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="sno" length="10" not-null="true" />
</property>
<property name="sname" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="sname" length="50" not-null="true" />
</property>
<property name="dept" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="dept" length="50" />
</property>
<many-to-one name="teacher"
column="id"
class="org.shirdrn.entity.Teacher"
insert="false"
update="false"
cascade="save-update">
</many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
持久化类Student.java：
package org.shirdrn.entity;

/**
* Student generated by MyEclipse - Hibernate Tools
*/
public class Student implements java.io.Serializable {
private Integer id;
private String sno;
private String sname;
private String dept;
private Teacher teacher;
/** default constructor */
public Student() {
}
/** minimal constructor */
public Student(String sno, String sname) {
this.sno = sno;
this.sname = sname;
}

/** full constructor */
public Student(String sno, String sname, String dept) {
this.sno = sno;
this.sname = sname;
this.dept = dept;
}

// Property accessors
public Integer getId() {
return this.id;
}

public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getSno() {
return this.sno;
}

public void setSno(String sno) {
this.sno = sno;
}
public String getSname() {
return this.sname;
}

public void setSname(String sname) {
this.sname = sname;
}
public String getDept() {
return this.dept;
}

public void setDept(String dept) {
this.dept = dept;
}
public Teacher getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
}

}
teacher表对应的映射文件和持久化类分别为：
映射文件Teacher.hbm.xml：
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!--
Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse - Hibernate Tools
-->
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="org.shirdrn.entity.Teacher" table="teacher" schema="dbo" catalog="hibernate">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
<column name="id" />
<generator class="identity" />
</id>
<property name="tname" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="tname" length="50" not-null="true" />
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
持久化类Teacher.java：
package org.shirdrn.entity;

/**
* Teacher generated by MyEclipse - Hibernate Tools
*/
public class Teacher implements java.io.Serializable {

// Fields
private Integer id;
private String tname;

// Constructors
/** default constructor */
public Teacher() {
}

/** full constructor */
public Teacher(String tname) {
this.tname = tname;
}

// Property accessors
public Integer getId() {
return this.id;
}

public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getTname() {
return this.tname;
}

public void setTname(String tname) {
this.tname = tname;
}
}
建立测试类为MyTest.java如下：
package org.shirdrn.test;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.shirdrn.HibernateSessionFactory;
import org.shirdrn.entity.Student;
import org.shirdrn.entity.Teacher;
public class MyTest {
public static void main(String[] args){
Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Student stu = new Student();
stu.setSno("2008002");
stu.setSname("shirdrn");
Teacher t = new Teacher();
t.setTname("王老师");
stu.setTeacher(t);
session.save(stu);
System.out.println("success");
tx.commit();
}
catch(Exception e){
tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally{
HibernateSessionFactory.closeSession();
}
}
}
在many-to-one里面配置了 cascade="save-update"，级联存储更新。在向student表插入记录的同时，也在对应的teacher表里面插入一条记录，因为一个学生一定对应一个教师，而且配置了关联，而且又是级联保存，在控制台上可以看到：
Hibernate: insert into hibernate.dbo.teacher (tname) values (?) select scope_identity()
Hibernate: insert into student (sno, sname, dept) values (?, ?, ?) select scope_identity()
可以看到，是先向teacher表插入记录，当Hibernate映射文件加载的时候，检测到cascade="save-update"配置，在程序执行到stu.setTeacher(t);的时候，就已经确定要对teacher表执行insert操作。
如果 不设置 cascade="save-update"，则只执行了一条插入语句，只向学生表插入了一条记录：
Hibernate: insert into student (sno, sname, dept) values (?, ?, ?) select scope_identity()
但是如果insert="false" update="false"没有指定，则会创建SessionFactory失败，出现下面的异常：
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.hibernate.cfg.Environment).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
%%%% Error Creating SessionFactory %%%%
org.hibernate.MappingException: Repeated column in mapping for entity: org.shirdrn.entity.Student column: id (should be mapped with insert="false" update="false")
at org.hibernate.mapping.PersistentClass.checkColumnDuplication(PersistentClass.java:504)
at org.hibernate.mapping.PersistentClass.checkPropertyColumnDuplication(PersistentClass.java:526)
at org.hibernate.mapping.PersistentClass.checkColumnDuplication(PersistentClass.java:544)
at org.hibernate.mapping.PersistentClass.validate(PersistentClass.java:335)
at org.hibernate.mapping.RootClass.validate(RootClass.java:188)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.validate(Configuration.java:839)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:1000)
at org.shirdrn.HibernateSessionFactory.rebuildSessionFactory(HibernateSessionFactory.java:60)
at org.shirdrn.HibernateSessionFactory.getSession(HibernateSessionFactory.java:43)
at org.shirdrn.test.MyTest.main(MyTest.java:11)
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
at org.shirdrn.test.MyTest.main(MyTest.java:26)
我认为异常的原因是重复配置导致的。因为insert和update的默认值都是true，表明Student随时可执行插入更新操作。而我们使用cascade="save-update"又配置了一次，虽然是在关联中配置的，但是Student也是关联的一方，因此异常提示Repeated column。
然而，并不是说，如果在Student.hbm.xml的many-to-one中配置insert="false" update="false"而且也不配置cascade="save-update"，执行测试程序就不会执行插入操作了，象下面这样：
<many-to-one name="teacher"
column="id"
class="org.shirdrn.entity.Teacher"
insert="false"
update="false"
>
</many-to-one>
仍然可以向student表插入记录，因为那个配置insert="false" update="false"是对于关联来说的，但看Student本身，它的insert还是true，所以执行插入操作。