本文内容来自学习麻省理工学院公开课:单变量微积分-指数与对数函数导数、对数微分法-网易公开课
一、指数
1、基本定理介绍
2、函数
from sympy import *
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
ax.spines['left'].set_position('zero')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position('zero')
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.set_aspect( 1 )
x= symbols('x')
y = 2**x
yarr = []
xarr = np.linspace(-1.1 ,1.4, 100 )
for xval in xarr:
yval = y.subs(x,xval)
yarr.append(yval)
y_nparr = np.array(yarr)
plt.plot(xarr, y_nparr, color='blue', label='y = 2^x')
plt.plot([-1,0],[1/2,1],lw=0, marker='o', color='green',fillstyle='none')
def plotText(plt,x,y, text):
plt.text(x+0.1, y+0.01, text, fontsize=12)
def plotPos(plt,x,y):
plotText(plt,x,y,'(' + format(x)+', '+ format(y)+')')
plotPos(plt,-1,1/2)
plotPos(plt,0,1)
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.show()
3、考虑指数函数的导数
设, 则
当x趋于0有,
4、画在(0,2)处的切线,其斜率为M(2):
from sympy import *
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
ax.spines['left'].set_position('zero')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position('zero')
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.set_aspect( 1 )
x= symbols('x')
y = 2**x
yarr = []
xarr = np.linspace(-1.1 ,1.4, 100 )
for xval in xarr:
yval = y.subs(x,xval)
yarr.append(yval)
y_nparr = np.array(yarr)
plt.plot(xarr, y_nparr, color='blue', label='y = 2^x')
plt.plot([-1,0],[1/2,1],lw=0, marker='o', color='green',fillstyle='none')
def plotText(plt,x,y, text):
plt.text(x+0.1, y+0.01, text, fontsize=12)
def plotPos(plt,x,y):
plotText(plt,x,y,'(' + format(x)+', '+ format(y)+')')
plotPos(plt,-1,1/2)
plotPos(plt,0,1)
diffExpr = diff(y)
def TangentLine(exprY, diffExpr, x0Val,xVal):
x1,y1,xo,yo = symbols('x1 y1 xo yo')
expr = (y1-yo)/(x1-xo) - diffExpr.subs(x,x0Val)
eq = expr.subs(xo,x0Val).subs(x1,xVal).subs(yo,exprY.subs(x,x0Val))
eq1 = Eq(eq,0)
solveY = solve(eq1)
return xVal,solveY
x1,y1 = TangentLine(y, diffExpr, 0, 1.5)
x2,y2 = TangentLine(y, diffExpr, 0,-1.5)
plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2], 'r', label='Slope of tangent is M(2)')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.show()
5、假设M(e)==1,有
当x趋于0有, (在x=0处的导数的斜率为1)
6、抛出问题,为啥e存在?
以为例, 当 时,
注意:当k = 1/m(2) 时, b = e