引用的基本使用
- 作用:给变量起别名
- 语法:数据类型 &别名 = 原名
引用的注意事项(与指针的差异)
- 引用必须初始化
- 引用在初始化后不可更改,即一旦初始绑定别名对象就不可更改对象
引用做函数形参(引用最常用、最好用的用途)
- 作用:函数传参时,可以利用引用技术让形参修改实参
- 优点:简化指针修改实参的方式,函数内部与值传递相同的写法,但能实现地址传递的作用,更清楚明了
#include <iostream>
//值传递
void swap01(int a, int b)
{
int temp = b;
b = a;
a = temp;
}
//地址传递
void swap02(int *a, int *b)
{
int temp = *b;
*b = *a;
*a = temp;
}
//引用传递
void swap03(int &a, int &b)
{
int temp = b;
b = a;
a = temp;
}
int main()
{
int a = 10;
int b = 100;
std::cout << "交换前初值:" << std::endl;
std::cout << "a = " << a << std::endl;
std::cout << "b = " << b << std::endl;
//值传递,形参不会修饰实参
swap01(a, b);
std::cout << "值传递交换结果:" << std::endl;
std::cout << "a = " << a << std::endl;
std::cout << "b = " << b << std::endl;
//地址传递,形参能够修饰实参
a = 10;
b = 100;
swap02(&a, &b);
std::cout << "地址传递交换结果:" << std::endl;
std::cout << "a = " << a << std::endl;
std::cout << "b = " << b << std::endl;
//引用传递,形参能够修饰实参
a = 10;
b = 100;
swap03(a, b);
std::cout << "引用传递交换结果:" << std::endl;
std::cout << "a = " << a << std::endl;
std::cout << "b = " << b << std::endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
引用做函数返回值
#include <iostream>
//引用局部变量做返回值
//不要返回局部变量的引用
int &test01()
{
int a = 10;
return a;
}
//引用全局变量做返回值
int &test02()
{
static int a = 10;
return a;
}
int main()
{
int &ref1 = test01();
std::cout << "ref1 = " << ref1 << std::endl;//返回未知值
int &ref2 = test02();
std::cout << "ref2 = " << ref2 << std::endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
总结:
引用的本质就是一个指针常量