Material Design系列第三篇——Using the Material Theme

Using the Material Theme

This lesson teaches you to

1. Customize the Color Palette
2. Customize the Status Bar
3. Theme Individual Views

You should also read

• Material design specification
• Material design on Android

The new material theme provides:

• System widgets that let you set their color palette
• Touch feedback animations for the system widgets
• Activity transition animations

You can customize the look of the material theme according to your brand identity with a color palette you control. You can tint the action bar and the status bar using theme attributes, as shown in Figure 3.

The system widgets have a new design and touch feedback animations. You can customize the color palette, the touch feedback animations, and the activity transitions for your app.

The material theme is defined as:

• @android:style/Theme.Material (dark version)
• @android:style/Theme.Material.Light (light version)
• @android:style/Theme.Material.Light.DarkActionBar

For a list of material styles that you can use, see the API reference for R.style.

Figure 1. Dark material theme

Figure 2. Light material theme

Note: The material theme is only available in Android 5.0 (API level 21) and above. The v7 Support Libraries provide themes with material design styles for some widgets and support for customizing the color palette. For more information, see Maintaining Compatibility.

Customize the Color Palette

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To customize the theme's base colors to fit your brand, define your custom colors using theme attributes when you inherit from the material theme:

<resources>
  <!-- inherit from the material theme -->
  <stylename="AppTheme"parent="android:Theme.Material">
    <!-- Main theme colors -->
    <!--   your app branding color for the app bar -->
    <item name="android:colorPrimary">@color/primary</item>
    <!--   darker variant for the status bar and contextual app bars -->
    <item name="android:colorPrimaryDark">@color/primary_dark</item>
    <!--   theme UI controls like checkboxes and text fields -->
    <item name="android:colorAccent">@color/accent</item>
  </style>
</resources>

Figure 3. Customizing the material theme.

Customize the Status Bar

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The material theme lets you easily customize the status bar, so you can specify a color that fits your brand and provides enough contrast to show the white status icons. To set a custom color for the status bar, use the android:statusBarColor attribute when you extend the material theme. By default, android:statusBarColor inherits the value of android:colorPrimaryDark.

You can also draw behind the status bar yourself. For example, if you want to show the status bar transparently over a photo, with a subtle dark gradient to ensure the white status icons are visible. To do so, set the android:statusBarColor attribute to @android:color/transparent and adjust the window flags as required. You can also use the Window.setStatusBarColor() method for animations or fading.

Note: The status bar should almost always have a clear delineation from the primary toolbar, except for cases where you show edge-to-edge rich imagery or media content behind these bars and when you use a gradient to ensure that the icons are still visible.

When you customize the navigation and status bars, either make them both transparent or modify only the status bar. The navigation bar should remain black in all other cases.

Theme Individual Views

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Elements in XML layout definitions can specify the android:theme attribute, which references a theme resource. This attribute modifies the theme for the element and any child elements, which is useful for altering theme color palettes in a specific portion of an interface.