LearnPython3theHardWay__Excercise 41 Learning to Speak Object-Oriented

最新推荐文章于 2020-07-24 11:04:58 发布

byakki

最新推荐文章于 2020-07-24 11:04:58 发布

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**ex40- 44都是类的知识 **

我们先接触面向对象的专业词汇

Word Drills
class: 类，告诉python，创建一个新类型的东西
object：对象
instance：实例
def ：定义函数
self: 实例变量
inheritance: 继承
composition: 合成，一个类可以由另一些类组成
attribute: 属性，通常是变量
is-a: 表示某事物继承自另一事物，如“鲑鱼”是“鱼”。
has-a: 表示某物由其他事物组成或具有某种特性，如“鲑鱼有嘴”。

短语练习

class X(Y)
- Make a class named X that is-a Y
class X(object): def init(self, J)
- class X has-a init that takes self and J parameters.
class X(object): def M(self, J)
- class X has-a function named M that takes self and J parameters.
foo = X()
- Set foo to an instance of class X.
foo.M(J)
- From foo, get the M function, and call it with parameters self, J.
foo.K = Q
- From foo, get the K attribute, and set it to Q.

A Reading Test

把下面代码复制下来并运行。英语好可以做一做。用上面的方法描述类。

import random
from urllib.request import urlopen
import sys

WORD_URL = "http://learncodethehardway.org/words.txt"
WORDS = []

PHRASES = {
    "class %%%(%%%):":
        "Make a class named %%% that is-a %%%.",
    "class %%%(object):\n\tdef __init__(self, ***)":
      "class %%% has-a __init__ that takes self and *** params.",
    "class %%%(object):\n\tdef ***(self, @@@)":
      "class %%% has-a function *** that takes self and @@@ params.",
    "*** = %%%()":
      "Set *** to an instance of class %%%.",
    "***.***(@@@)":
      "From *** get the *** function, call it with params self, @@@.",
    "***.*** = '***'":
      "From *** get the *** attribute and set it to '***'."
}

# do they want to drill phrases first
if len(sys.argv) == 2 and sys.argv[1] == "english":
    PHRASES_FIRST = True
else:
    PHRASES_FIRST = False

# load up the words from the website
for word in urlopen(WORD_URL).readlines():
    WORDS.append(str(word.strip(), encoding="utf-8"))


def convert(snippet, phrase):
    class_names = [w.capitalize() for w in
                  random.sample(WORDS, snippet.count("%%%"))]
    other_names = random.sample(WORDS, snippet.count("***"))
    results = []
    param_names = []

    for i in range(0, snippet.count("@@@")):
        param_count = random.randint(1,3)
        param_names.append(','.join(
            random.sample(WORDS, param_count)))

    for sentence in snippet, phrase:
        result = sentence[:]

        # fake class names
        for word in class_names:
            result = result.replace("%%%", word, 1)

        # fake other names
        for word in other_names:
            result = result.replace("***", word, 1)

        # fake parameter lists
        for word in param_names:
            result = result.replace("@@@", word, 1)

        results.append(result)

    return results


# keep going until they hit CTRL-D
try:
    while True:
        snippets = list(PHRASES.keys())
        random.shuffle(snippets)

        for snippet in snippets:
            phrase = PHRASES[snippet]
            question, answer = convert(snippet, phrase)
            if PHRASES_FIRST:
                question, answer = answer, question

            print(question)

            input(">")
            print(f"ANSWER:  {answer}\n\n")
except EOFError:
    print("\nBye")