SaltStack配置管理

配置管理

YAML语言

YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式，是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读，容易和脚本语言交互，用来表达资料序列的编程语言。

它类似于标准通用标记语言的子集XML的数据描述语言，语法比XML简单很多。

YAML语言的格式如下：

house:
  family:
    name: Doe
    parents:
      - John
      - Jane
    children:
      - Paul
      - Mark
      - Simone
  address:
    number: 34
    street: Main Street
    city: Nowheretown
    zipcode: 12345

YAML的基本规则：

• 使用缩进来表示层级关系，每层2个空格，禁止使用TAB键
• 当冒号不是处于最后时，冒号后面必须有一个空格
• 用 - 表示列表，- 的后面必须有一个空格
• 用 # 表示注释

YAML配置文件要放到SaltStack让我们放的位置，可以在SaltStack的 Master 配置文件中查找file_roots即可看到。

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
file_roots:
  base:     //基础环境
    - /srv/salt/base
  test:      //测试环境
    - /srv/salt/test
  dev:      //开发环境
    - /srv/salt/dev
  prod:      //生产环境
    - /srv/salt/prod
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/{base,test,dev,prod}
[root@master ~]# tree /srv/salt
/srv/salt
├── base
├── dev
├── prod
└── test

4 directories, 0 files
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master

需要注意：

• base是默认的位置，如果file_roots只有一个，则base是必备的且必须叫base，不能改名

用SaltStack配置一个apache实例

在Master上部署sls配置文件并执行

[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# ls
[root@master base]# mkdir -p web/apache
[root@master base]# tree web
web
└── apache

1 directory, 0 files
[root@master base]# cd web/apache/
[root@master apache]# touch apache.sls 
[root@master apache]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov  2 16:19 apache.sls
[root@master apache]# vim apache.sls
apache-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: httpd

apache-service:
  service.running:
    - name: httpd
    - enable: true

[root@master ~]# ls /srv/salt/base/web/apache/
apache.sls
[root@master ~]# salt 'node1' state.sls web.apache.apache
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd
     Started: 16:47:59.729004
    Duration: 24109.206 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              apr:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.3-11.el8
                  old:
              apr-util:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              apr-util-bdb:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              apr-util-openssl:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              centos-logos-httpd:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      85.8-1.el8
                  old:
              httpd:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1
                  old:
              httpd-filesystem:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1
                  old:
              httpd-tools:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1
                  old:
              mailcap:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.1.48-3.el8
                  old:
              mod_http2:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab
                  old:
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: Service httpd has been enabled, and is running
     Started: 16:48:23.851532
    Duration: 616.126 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              httpd:
                  True

Summary for node1
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time:  24.725 s

在Minion上检查

[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabl>
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 16:48:24 CST; >
     Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
 Main PID: 12314 (httpd)
   Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
    Tasks: 213 (limit: 11300)
   Memory: 25.9M
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─12314 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─12419 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─12420 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─12421 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─12422 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

11月 02 16:48:24 node1 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Ser>
11月 02 16:48:24 node1 httpd[12314]: AH00558: httpd: Could not >
11月 02 16:48:24 node1 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Serv>
11月 02 16:48:24 node1 httpd[12314]: Server configured, listeni>
lines 1-19/19 (END)

top file

top file介绍

直接通过命令执行sls文件时够自动化吗？答案是否定的，因为我们还要告诉某台主机要执行某个任务，自动化应该是我们让它干活时，它自己就知道哪台主机要干什么活，但是直接通过命令执行sls文件并不能达到这个目的，为了解决这个问题，top file 应运而生。

top file就是一个入口，top file的文件名可通过在 Master的配置文件中搜索top.sls找出，且此文件必须在 base 环境中，默认情况下此文件必须叫top.sls。

top file的作用就是告诉对应的主机要干什么活，比如让web服务器启动web服务，让数据库服务器安装mysql等等。
top file 实例：

//创建状态文件
[root@master base]# cat web/apache/apache.sls 
apache-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: httpd

apache-service:
  service.running:
    - name: httpd
    - enable: True
[root@master base]# cat web/nginx/nginx.sls 
nginx-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: nginx

nginx-service:
  service.running:
    - name: nginx
    - enable: true

[root@master base]# vim top.sls
base:   //要执行状态文件的环境
  node1:   //要执行状态文件的目标
    - web.nginx.nginx     //要执行的状态文件  
  node2:   //要执行状态文件的目标
    - web.apache.apache    //要执行的状态文件

//检查两个节点的服务是否安装
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y remove httpd
[root@node1 ~]# rpm -qa|grep nginx
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node2 ~]# rpm -qa|grep httpd
[root@node2 ~]# 

[root@master ~]# salt '*' state.highstate       //使用高级状态来执行
node3:
----------
          ID: states
    Function: no.None
      Result: False
     Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details.
     Changes:   

Summary for node3
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed:    1
------------
Total states run:     1
Total run time:   0.000 ms
master:
----------
          ID: states
    Function: no.None
      Result: False
     Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details.
     Changes:   

Summary for master
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed:    1
------------
Total states run:     1
Total run time:   0.000 ms
node2:
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd
     Started: 01:27:24.205686
    Duration: 16497.181 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              apr:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.3-11.el8
                  old:
              apr-util:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              apr-util-bdb:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              apr-util-openssl:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              centos-logos-httpd:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      85.8-1.el8
                  old:
              httpd:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1
                  old:
              httpd-filesystem:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1
                  old:
              httpd-tools:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1
                  old:
              mailcap:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.1.48-3.el8
                  old:
              mod_http2:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab
                  old:
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: Service httpd has been enabled, and is running
     Started: 01:27:40.745922
    Duration: 682.257 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              httpd:
                  True

Summary for node2
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time:  17.179 s
node1:
----------
          ID: nginx-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: nginx
     Started: 17:27:25.973860
    Duration: 35595.534 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              dejavu-fonts-common:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.35-7.el8
                  old:
              dejavu-sans-fonts:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.35-7.el8
                  old:
              fontconfig:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.13.1-3.el8
                  old:
              fontpackages-filesystem:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.44-22.el8
                  old:
              gd:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.2.5-7.el8
                  old:
              jbigkit-libs:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.1-14.el8
                  old:
              libX11:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.8-4.el8
                  old:
              libX11-common:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.8-4.el8
                  old:
              libXau:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.0.9-3.el8
                  old:
              libXpm:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3.5.12-8.el8
                  old:
              libjpeg-turbo:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.5.3-10.el8
                  old:
              libtiff:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4.0.9-18.el8
                  old:
              libwebp:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.0.0-3.el8_4
                  old:
              libxcb:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.13.1-1.el8
                  old:
              nginx:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-all-modules:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-filesystem:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-mod-http-image-filter:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-mod-http-perl:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-mod-mail:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-mod-stream:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              perl-Carp:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.42-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-Data-Dumper:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.167-399.el8
                  old:
              perl-Digest:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.17-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Digest-MD5:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.55-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-Encode:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4:2.97-3.el8
                  old:
              perl-Errno:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.28-419.el8_4.1
                  old:
              perl-Exporter:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      5.72-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-File-Path:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.15-2.el8
                  old:
              perl-File-Temp:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      0.230.600-1.el8
                  old:
              perl-Getopt-Long:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:2.50-4.el8
                  old:
              perl-HTTP-Tiny:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      0.074-1.el8
                  old:
              perl-IO:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.38-419.el8_4.1
                  old:
              perl-IO-Socket-IP:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      0.39-5.el8
                  old:
              perl-IO-Socket-SSL:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.066-4.module_el8.3.0+410+ff426aa3
                  old:
              perl-MIME-Base64:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3.15-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-Mozilla-CA:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      20160104-7.module_el8.3.0+416+dee7bcef
                  old:
              perl-Net-SSLeay:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.88-1.module_el8.3.0+410+ff426aa3
                  old:
              perl-PathTools:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3.74-1.el8
                  old:
              perl-Pod-Escapes:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.07-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Pod-Perldoc:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3.28-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-Pod-Simple:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:3.35-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Pod-Usage:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4:1.69-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Scalar-List-Utils:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3:1.49-2.el8
                  old:
              perl-Socket:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4:2.027-3.el8
                  old:
              perl-Storable:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:3.11-3.el8
                  old:
              perl-Term-ANSIColor:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4.06-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-Term-Cap:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.17-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Text-ParseWords:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3.30-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Text-Tabs+Wrap:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2013.0523-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Time-Local:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.280-1.el8
                  old:
              perl-URI:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.73-3.el8
                  old:
              perl-Unicode-Normalize:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.25-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-constant:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.33-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-interpreter:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4:5.26.3-419.el8_4.1
                  old:
              perl-libnet:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3.11-3.el8
                  old:
              perl-libs:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4:5.26.3-419.el8_4.1
                  old:
              perl-macros:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4:5.26.3-419.el8_4.1
                  old:
              perl-parent:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:0.237-1.el8
                  old:
              perl-podlators:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4.11-1.el8
                  old:
              perl-threads:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:2.21-2.el8
                  old:
              perl-threads-shared:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.58-2.el8
                  old:
----------
          ID: nginx-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: Service nginx has been enabled, and is running
     Started: 17:28:01.615068
    Duration: 520.541 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              nginx:
                  True

Summary for node1
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time:  36.116 s
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code

//查看服务
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status nginx.service
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabl>
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 17:28:01 CST; >
 Main PID: 13774 (nginx)
    Tasks: 2 (limit: 11300)
   Memory: 4.2M
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─13774 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
           └─13776 nginx: worker process

11月 02 17:28:01 node1 systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and >
11月 02 17:28:01 node1 nginx[13762]: nginx: the configuration f>
11月 02 17:28:01 node1 nginx[13762]: nginx: configuration file >
11月 02 17:28:01 node1 systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed to par>
11月 02 17:28:01 node1 systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and r>
lines 1-15/15 (END)

[root@node2 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabl>
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-11-03 01:27:41 CST; >
     Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
 Main PID: 2951 (httpd)
   Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
    Tasks: 213 (limit: 11300)
   Memory: 27.8M
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─2951 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─3142 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─3143 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─3144 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─3146 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

11月 03 01:27:40 node2 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Ser>
11月 03 01:27:41 node2 httpd[2951]: AH00558: httpd: Could not r>
11月 03 01:27:41 node2 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Serv>
11月 03 01:27:41 node2 httpd[2951]: Server configured, listenin>
lines 1-19/19 (END)

注意：
若top file里面的目标是用 * 表示的，要注意的是，top file里面的 * 表示的是所有要执行状态的目标，而 salt ‘*’ state.highstate 里面的 * 表示通知所有机器干活，而是否要干活则是由top file来指定的

高级状态highstate的使用

管理SaltStack时一般最常用的管理操作就是执行高级状态

[root@master ~]# salt '*' state.highstate   //生产环境禁止这样使用salt命令

注意：
上面让所有人执行高级状态，但实际工作当中，一般不会这么用，工作当中一般都是通知某台或某些台目标主机来执行高级状态，具体是否执行则是由top file来决定的。

若在执行高级状态时加上参数test=True，则它会告诉我们它将会做什么，但是它不会真的去执行这个操作。

//停掉node2上的httpd服务
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl stop httpd.service
//在master上执行高级状态的测试
[root@master ~]# salt '*' state.highstate test=True
node3:
----------
          ID: states
    Function: no.None
      Result: False
     Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details.
     Changes:   

Summary for node3
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed:    1
------------
Total states run:     1
Total run time:   0.000 ms
master:
----------
          ID: states
    Function: no.None
      Result: False
     Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details.
     Changes:   

Summary for master
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed:    1
------------
Total states run:     1
Total run time:   0.000 ms
node1:
----------
          ID: nginx-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: All specified packages are already installed
     Started: 17:35:36.710924
    Duration: 784.943 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: nginx-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: The service nginx is already running
     Started: 17:35:37.501445
    Duration: 73.041 ms
     Changes:   

Summary for node1
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time: 857.984 ms
node2:
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: All specified packages are already installed
     Started: 01:35:34.605665
    Duration: 735.609 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: None
     Comment: Service httpd is set to start
     Started: 01:35:35.343667
    Duration: 54.445 ms
     Changes:   

Summary for node2
------------
Succeeded: 2 (unchanged=1)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time: 790.054 ms
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code

//在node2上查看httpd是否启动
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabl>
   Active: inactive (dead) since Wed 2021-11-03 01:35:13 CST; 2>
     Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
  Process: 2951 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND>
 Main PID: 2951 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"

11月 03 01:27:40 node2 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Ser>
11月 03 01:27:41 node2 httpd[2951]: AH00558: httpd: Could not r>
11月 03 01:27:41 node2 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Serv>
11月 03 01:27:41 node2 httpd[2951]: Server configured, listenin>
11月 03 01:35:12 node2 systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Ser>
11月 03 01:35:13 node2 systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Serv>
lines 1-14/14 (END)

//由此可见高级状态并没有执行，因为httpd并没有启动