一.运算符重载:对已有的运算符进行重新定义,赋予另一种功能以适用不同的数据类型
1.加号运算符(“+”)重载
//创建类 Person
class Person
{
public:
//1.成员函数重载 + 号
//(本质):Person p3 = p1.operator+(p2);
Person operator+(Person &p)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
return temp;
}
//两个内置数据AB
int m_A;
int m_B;
};
//2.全局函数实现 + 号重载
//(本质):Person p3 = operator+(p1,p2);
Person operator+(Person &p1,Person &p2)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
return temp;
}
//运算符重载也可以发生函数重载
Person operator+(Person &p1,int num)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p1.m_A + num;
temp.m_B = p1.m_B + num;
return temp;
}
void text01() //测试
{
Person p1;
p1.m_A = 10;
p1.m_B = 20;
Person p2;
p2.m_A = 30;
p2.m_B =40;
Person p3 = p1+ p2;
cout<<"p3.m_A="<<p3.m_A<<endl;
cout<<"p3.m_B="<<p3.m_B<<endl;
//进行函数重载
Person p4 = p1 + 10;
cout<<"p4.m_B="<<p4.m_A<<endl;
}
总结:对于内置的数据类型的表达式的运算符是不可以改变
2.左移运算符重载
class Person
{
public:
//不会利用成员函数重载左移运算符
};
//利用全局函数重载左移运算符
ostream &operator<<(ostream &cout,Person &p)
{
cout<<"m_A="<<p.m_A<<" "<<"m_B="<<p.m_B<<endl;
return cout;
}
//如果需要访问private成员可以结合友元(friend)
void text01()//测试
{
Person p;
p.m_A = 10;
p.m_B = 20;
cout<<p<<endl;
}
3.递增运算符重载
class MyInteger
{
friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & cout,MyInteger myint);//友元(访问私有对象)
public:
//重载前置递增
MyInteger& operator++()//返回引用是为了一直对一个数据进行操作
{
//先进行++运算
a++;
//再将自身返回
return *this;
}
//重载后置递增(函数的返回值不可以作为函数重载的条件)
MyInteger operator++(int)//int是一个占位参数,用于区分前后置
{
//先返回结果
MyInteger temp = *this;
//后递增
a++;
//最后将记录结果返回
return temp;
}
MyInteger()
{
a = 0;
}
private:
int a;
};
void text01()//测试
{
MyInteger myint;
cout<<myint++<<endl;
cout<<++myint<<endl;
}
4.赋值运算符重载
//c++至少给一个类添加4个函数
//1.默认构造函数(无参数 函数体为空)
//2.默认析构函数(无参数 函数体为空)
//3.默认拷贝构造函数 (对属性进行值拷贝)
//4.赋值运算符operator=,对属性进行值拷贝
class Person
{
public:
Person(int age)
{
m_Age =new int(age);//堆区需要手动开辟也需要手动释放
}
~Person()//析构函数用于释放堆区的内存
{
if(m_Age != NULL)
{
delete m_Age;
m_Age = NULL;
}
}
//重载复制运算符
Person &operator=(Person &p)
{
//编译器提供了浅拷贝
//m_Age = p.m_Age
//需要先判断是否有属性在堆区,如果有需要先释放干净,然后再进行深拷贝
if(m_Age != NULL)
{
delete m_Age;
m_Age = NULL;
}
//进行深拷贝
m_Age = new int(*p.m_Age);
//返回对象本身
return *this;
}
int *m_Age;
};
void text01()
{
Person p(18);
Person p2(20);
p = p2;//浅拷贝将p2进行值拷贝到p(导致堆区的内存重复释放,需要利用深拷贝来解决(在堆区来重新new一个空间用于存放浅拷贝的值))
Person p3(22);
p3 = p2 = p;
cout<<*p.m_Age<<endl;
cout<<*p2.m_Age<<endl;
cout<<*p3.m_Age<<endl;
}
5.关系运算符重载(将两个自定义数据类型进行操作)
class Person
{
public:
Person()
{
this->m_Age;
}
Person(int age)
{
m_Age = age;
}
bool operator==(Person &p)
{
if(this->m_Age = p.m_Age && this->m_Name == p.m_Name)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
bool operator!=(Person &p)
{
if(this->m_Age != p.m_Age && this->m_Name != p.m_Name)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
int m_Age;
string m_Name;
};
void text01()
{
Person p2(20);
Person p1(0);
p1.m_Name = "张三";
p2.m_Name = "张三";
if(p1 == p2)
{
cout<<"p1和p2是相等的"<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"p1和p2是不相等的"<<endl;
}
///
if(p1 != p2)
{
cout<<"p1和p2是不相等的"<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"相等"<<endl;
}
cout<<p1.m_Age<<endl;
cout<<p2.m_Age<<endl;
}
6.函数调用运算符重载
class MyPrint
{
public:
//重载函数调用运算符
void operator()(string test)
{
cout<<test<<endl;
}
};
void MyPrint02(string test)
{
cout<<test<<endl;
}
void text01()
{
MyPrint myPrint;
myPrint("hello");//使用起来与函数的调用非常类似,因此也称为仿函数
MyPrint02("word");
}
//仿函数非常灵活,没有固定的写法
//加法类
class MyADD
{
public:
int operator()(int a,int b)
{
return a+b;
}
};
void text02()
{
MyADD myadd;
int ret = myadd(10,20);
cout<<ret<<endl;
//匿名函数对象
cout<<MyADD()(100,100)<<endl;//当前行执行完后立即被释放
}