运算符重载:对已有的运算符重新进行定义,赋予其另一种功能,以适应不同的数据类型。
加号运算符重载:实现两个自定义数据类型相加的运算
对于内置的数据类型,编译器知道如何运算:
int a = 10;
int b = 10;
int c = a + b;
对于自定义的数据类型:
class Person
{
public:
int m_A;
int m_B;
};
我们创建两个对象p1和p2:
Person p1;
p1.m_A = 10;
p1.m_B = 10;
Person p2;
p2.m_A = 10;
p2.m_B = 10;
再来一个p3,我们想让p3的属性等于p1和p2的属性之和:
Person p3;
p3 = p1 + p2;
编译器就不知道怎么做了。通过函数重载来解决:
1 成员函数重载加号:
class Person
{
public:
//1 成员函数重载+号
Person operator+(Person& p)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
return temp;
}
int m_A;
int m_B;
};
void test01()
{
Person p1;
p1.m_A = 10;
p1.m_B = 10;
Person p2;
p2.m_A = 10;
p2.m_B = 10;
Person p3;
p3 = p1 + p2;
cout << "p3.m_A = " << p3.m_A << endl;
cout << "p3.m_B = " << p3.m_B << endl;
}
其实本质就是Person p3 = p1.operater+(p2),因为重载了+以后,编译器自己会识别我们写的p3 = p1 + p2。
2 全局函数重载:
class Person
{
public:
//1 成员函数重载+号
/*Person operator+(Person& p)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
return temp;
}*/
int m_A;
int m_B;
};
//2 全局函数重载
Person operator+(Person& p1, Person& p2)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
return temp;
}
void test01()
{
Person p1;
p1.m_A = 10;
p1.m_B = 10;
Person p2;
p2.m_A = 10;
p2.m_B = 10;
Person p3;
p3 = p1 + p2;
cout << "p3.m_A = " << p3.m_A << endl;
cout << "p3.m_B = " << p3.m_B << endl;
}
本质就是Person p3 = operator+(p1,p2)
3 运算符重载也可以发生函数重载:
//函数重载版本
Person operator+(Person& p, int num)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p.m_A + num;
temp.m_B = p.m_B + num;
return temp;
}
//可以函数重载
Person p4 = p1 + 30;//Person + int
cout << "p4.m_A = " << p4.m_A << endl;
cout << "p4.m_B = " << p4.m_B << endl;
总结:
- 对于内置的数据类型的表达式的运算符是不可能改变的,比如
- 不要滥用运算符重载,比如:名义上相加的运算背地里用的是相减,会造成混乱