Android之AsyncTask源码分析（第五篇：execute方法只能执行一次的原因）

(注意：本文基于API 28的源码分析，API 29上或其他平台的源码略有不同) 

前言

    当你调用AsyncTask对象的execute（）方法时，突然发生崩溃……内心充满不解：java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot execute task: the task has already been executed (a task can be executed only once) 为什么会这样呢？？？？？？？？？？？？

07-09 23:30:11.085 23377-23377/com.xx.cheez E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    Process: com.xx.cheez, PID: 23377
    java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot execute task: the task has already been executed (a task can be executed only once)
        at android.os.AsyncTask.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.java:640)
        at android.os.AsyncTask.execute(AsyncTask.java:595)
        at com.wp.cheez.activity.FillSpaceActivity$MyBtnClickLis.onClick(FillSpaceActivity.java:60)
        at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:6891)
        at android.widget.TextView.performClick(TextView.java:12651)
        at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:26083)
        at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:789)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:98)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:164)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6938)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.Zygote$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(Zygote.java:327)

        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1374)

 

线程堆栈中分析

 

1、我们调用的execute（）方法，位于AsyncTask中的540行

    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
        return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params); //此处为640行
    }

 

2、AsyncTask的640行执行的是executeOnExecutor（）方法,executeOnExecutor（）方法里做了什么？在executeOnExecutor（）方法中找到了抛出异常对象的地方，请看下面代码中的注释

    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
            Params... params) {
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running."); //找到了抛出异常的地方
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }

        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;

        onPreExecute();   //看到老朋友了是不是，模版方法模式用到了极致

        mWorker.mParams = params;
        exec.execute(mFuture);

        return this;
    }

 

3、发现AsyncTask的mStatus == RUNNING的时候，executeOnExecutor（）方法会抛出java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot execute task: the task has already been executed..……此处省略好多字，让我们再看下关键代码，注意注释

if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");  //…………这里…………
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }

 

4、那么AsyncTask对象持有的mStatus什么时候会等于RUNNING呢？此时需要去找一下mStatus是在哪个位置被赋值为RUNNING的！！！

首先发现mStatus的初始值是Status.PENDING，而且还加了volatile，保证共享变量mStatus的可见性与有序性（一个线程写入该共享变量，另一个线程一定能读到它的最新值，并且volatile会禁止编译器与处理器的重排序）

private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;

 

5、那么第4条中提到的Status.PEDING又是什么呢？？？

AsyncTask类定义了一个称做Status的内部枚举类，它专门用于标记AsyncTask对象的状态，可以看到一共有三个状态

PENDING  代表AsyncTask对象处于准备状态

RUNNING 代表AsyncTask对象处于运行状态

FINISHED  代表AsyncTask对象处于完成状态

public enum Status {
   
        PENDING,
        
        RUNNING,
        
        FINISHED,
    }

 

6、继续寻找mStatus什么时候被赋值为RUNNING的

在整个AsyncTask类中只有一处为mStatus赋值为RUNNING，那就是在executeOnExecutor（）方法中……

    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
            Params... params) {
        
        ........

        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;   //看这里

        ........

        return this;
    }

 

7、答案明确

一个AsyncTask对象，它的execute（）方法只能调用一次！再次调用execute（）方法时，内部调用的executeOnExecutor（）方法有一个判断逻辑，会根据mStatus的状态抛出一个IllegalStateException对象，告知调用者AsyncTask对象已经运行过了

当mStatus的状态为RUNNING或FINISHED时，都会抛出异常，告知调用者AsyncTask正在运行中、或者已经运行结束！

if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }

 

mStatus在AsyncTask对象生命周期内的状态变化（下面都是mStatus仅有的赋值代码）

调用execute（）方法前，mStatus的状态为PENDING（AsyncTask对象创建阶段赋值）

    private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;

调用execute（）方法后，mStatus的状态更新为RUNNING（executeOnExecutor（）方法中赋值）

        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;

AsyncTask对象的任务执行完成后，mSatus的状态又变为FINISHED（finish方法中赋值）

        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;

 

想再执行一个任务怎么办？？

答：再new一个AsyncTask对象，再次调用execute（）方法……