Ubuntu 升级/降级内核到指定版本

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已于 2024-10-29 18:29:57 修改

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分类专栏： ubuntu配置文章标签： ubuntu linux

于 2024-10-29 16:04:20 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/cai521cai/article/details/143330772

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文章目录

安装 kernel 版本
卸载 kernel
- 查询可删除版本
- 删除指定 kernel

参考文档：https://blog.51cto.com/u_15301988/3087517

安装 kernel 版本

查看当前 kernel 版本

$ uname -r
5.4.0-42-generic

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS
Release:        20.04
Codename:       focal

查看已安装的 kernel

$ dpkg --get-selections | grep linux-image
linux-image-5.15.0-58-generic                   deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-60-generic                   deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-76-generic                   deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-78-generic                   install
linux-image-5.15.0-83-generic                   install
linux-image-5.4.0-42-generic                    install

查询可安装的 kernel 版本

$ sudo apt-cache search linux | grep linux-image
linux-image-5.4.0-1009-aws - Linux kernel image for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-5.4.0-1009-gcp - Signed kernel image GCP
linux-image-5.4.0-1009-kvm - Linux kernel image for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
linux-image-5.4.0-1009-oracle - Signed kernel image oracle
linux-image-5.4.0-1010-azure - Signed kernel image azure
linux-image-5.4.0-26-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-5.4.0-26-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency
linux-image-5.6.0-1007-oem - Signed kernel image oem
linux-image-5.15.0-33-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-5.15.0-33-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency
linux-image-5.15.0-41-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-5.15.0-42-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency
linux-image-5.15.0-43-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-5.15.0-43-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency
linux-image-5.15.0-46-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-5.15.0-46-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency
linux-image-5.15.0-48-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-5.15.0-48-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency
linux-image-5.15.0-50-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-5.15.0-50-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency
linux-image-5.15.0-52-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-5.15.0-52-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency
linux-image-5.15.0-53-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-5.15.0-53-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency
linux-image-5.15.0-56-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-5.15.0-56-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency
linux-image-5.15.0-57-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-5.15.0-58-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-5.15.0-58-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency
linux-image-5.15.0-60-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-5.15.0-60-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency
linux-image-5.15.0-67-generic - Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-5.15.0-67-lowlatency - Signed kernel image lowlatency

安装指定的 kernel

包括kernel image和kernel header。

# header
$ sudo apt install linux-headers-5.15.0-60-generic
# image
$ sudo apt install linux-image-5.15.0-60-generic

查看当前 kernel 列表

$ grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
  menuentry_id_option="--id"
  menuentry_id_option=""
export menuentry_id_option
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.15.0-83-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.15.0-83-generic-advanced-31be9a67-54c8-4d41-886f-da210725ab9f' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.15.0-83-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.15.0-83-generic-recovery-31be9a67-54c8-4d41-886f-da210725ab9f' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.15.0-78-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.15.0-78-generic-advanced-31be9a67-54c8-4d41-886f-da210725ab9f' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.15.0-78-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.15.0-78-generic-recovery-31be9a67-54c8-4d41-886f-da210725ab9f' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.15.0-60-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.15.0-60-generic-advanced-31be9a67-54c8-4d41-886f-da210725ab9f' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.15.0-60-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.15.0-60-generic-recovery-31be9a67-54c8-4d41-886f-da210725ab9f' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-42-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-42-generic-advanced-31be9a67-54c8-4d41-886f-da210725ab9f' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-42-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-42-generic-recovery-31be9a67-54c8-4d41-886f-da210725ab9f' {

修改 kernel 的启动顺序

如果安装的是最新的版本，则默认就是首选的；
如果安装的是旧版本，就需要修改grub配置。

$ sudo vi /etc/default/grub

# GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_DEFAULT="Advanced options for Ubuntu>Ubuntu, with Linux 5.15.0-60-generic"

配置生效

$ sudo update-grub
$ sudo reboot

以上，已升级/降级成功。

卸载 kernel

查询可删除版本

查询非当前内核版本的其他所有内核版本。

$ sudo dpkg -l | tail -n +6 | grep -E 'linux-image-[0-9]+' | grep -Fv $(uname -r)
ii  linux-image-5.15.0-60-generic              5.15.0-60.66~20.04.1                amd64        Signed kernel image generic
rc  linux-image-5.15.0-76-generic              5.15.0-76.83~20.04.1                amd64        Signed kernel image generic
ii  linux-image-5.15.0-78-generic              5.15.0-78.85~20.04.1                amd64        Signed kernel image generic
ii  linux-image-5.15.0-83-generic              5.15.0-83.92~20.04.1                amd64        Signed kernel image generic

查看 kernel 状态：

rc: 表示已被删除
ii: 表示符合移除条件
iU: 已进入apt安装队列，但还未完成（不可移除）

删除指定 kernel

$ sudo dpkg --purge linux-image-5.15.0-60-generic