建造者模式
建造者模式(Builder Pattern)使用多个简单的对象一步一步构建成一个复杂的对象。这种类型的设计模式属于创建型模式,它提供了一种创建对象的最佳方式。
建造者模式(Builder Pattern)是将一个复杂的对象的构建与它的表示分离,使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。
主要解决 :
主要解决在软件系统中,有时候面临着”一个复杂对象”的创建工作,其通常由各个部分的子对象用一定的算法构成;由于需求的变化,这个复杂对象的各个部分经常面临着剧烈的变化,但是将它们组合在一起的算法却相对稳定。
何时使用:一些基本部件不会变,而其组合经常变化的时候。
如何解决:将变与不变分离开。
优点:
- 1、建造者独立,易扩展。
- 2、便于控制细节风险。
缺点:
- 1、产品必须有共同点,范围有限制。
- 2、如内部变化复杂,会有很多的建造类。
-
实现:
接口 Item :
package com.DesignPattern.BuilderPattern;
/**
* Created by pc on 2016/9/11.
* writer:shunc
*/
public interface Item {
public String name();
public Packing packing();
public float price();
}
实现接口 Item —-Hamburger :
package com.DesignPattern.BuilderPattern;
/**
* Created by pc on 2016/9/11.
* writer:shunc
*/
public abstract class Hamburger implements Item {
@Override
public Packing packing() {
return new Wrapper();
}
@Override
public abstract float price();
}
实现接口 Item —- ColdDrink :
package com.DesignPattern.BuilderPattern;
/**
* Created by pc on 2016/9/11.
* writer:shunc
*/
public abstract class ColdDrink implements Item{
@Override
public Packing packing() {
return new Bottle();
}
@Override
public abstract float price();
}
接口 Packing :
package com.DesignPattern.BuilderPattern;
/**
* Created by pc on 2016/9/11.
* writer:shunc
*/
public interface Packing {
public String pack();
}
实现接口 Packing —- Bottle :
package com.DesignPattern.BuilderPattern;
/**
* Created by pc on 2016/9/11.
* writer:shunc
*/
public class Bottle implements Packing {
@Override
public String pack() {
return "Bottle";
}
}
实现接口 Packing —- Wrapper :
package com.DesignPattern.BuilderPattern;
/**
* Created by pc on 2016/9/11.
* writer: shunc
*/
public class Wrapper implements Packing {
@Override
public String pack() {
return "Wrapper";
}
}
继承 Hamburger —- VegBurger :
package com.DesignPattern.BuilderPattern;
/**
* Created by pc on 2016/9/11.
* writer:shunc
*/
public class VegBurger extends Hamburger {
@Override
public String name() {
return "VegBurger";
}
@Override
public float price() {
return 15.0f;
}
}
继承 Hamburger —- ChickenBurger :
package com.DesignPattern.BuilderPattern;
/**
* Created by pc on 2016/9/11.
* writer:shunc
*/
public class ChickenBurger extends Hamburger {
@Override
public String name() {
return "ChickenBurger";
}
@Override
public float price() {
return 18.0f;
}
}
继承 ColdDrink —- Tea:
package com.DesignPattern.BuilderPattern;
/**
* Created by pc on 2016/9/11.
* writer:shunc
*/
public class Tea extends ColdDrink {
@Override
public String name() {
return "Tea";
}
@Override
public float price() {
return 8.0f;
}
}
继承 ColdDrink —- Coke:
package com.DesignPattern.BuilderPattern;
/**
* Created by pc on 2016/9/11.
* writer:shunc
*/
public class Coke extends ColdDrink {
@Override
public String name() {
return "Coke";
}
@Override
public float price() {
return 5.0f;
}
}
建造者 — 核心 — Meal:
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by pc on 2016/9/11.
* writer:shunc
*/
public class Meal {
private List<Item> items = new ArrayList<Item>();
public void addItem(Item item){
items.add(item);
}
public float getCost(){
float cost = 0.0f;
for (Item item : items) {
cost += item.price();
}
return cost;
}
public void showItems(){
for (Item item : items) {
System.out.print("Item : "+item.name());
System.out.print("-- -- Packing : "+item.packing().pack());
System.out.println("-- -- Price : "+item.price());
}
}
}
建造者 — 组装建造 — MealBuilder:
package com.DesignPattern.BuilderPattern;
/**
* Created by pc on 2016/9/11.
* writer:shunc
*/
public class MealBuilder {
public Meal prepareVegMeal (){
Meal meal = new Meal();
meal.addItem(new VegBurger());
meal.addItem(new Coke());
return meal;
}
public Meal prepareNonVegMeal (){
Meal meal = new Meal();
meal.addItem(new ChickenBurger());
meal.addItem(new Tea());
return meal;
}
}
建造者 实现 Demo :
package com.DesignPattern.BuilderPattern;
/**
* Created by pc on 2016/9/11.
* writer:shunc
*/
public class BuilderPatternDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MealBuilder mealBuilder = new MealBuilder();
Meal vegMeal = mealBuilder.prepareVegMeal();
System.out.println("Veg Meal");
vegMeal.showItems();
System.out.println("Total Cost: " +vegMeal.getCost());
Meal nonVegMeal = mealBuilder.prepareNonVegMeal();
System.out.println("\n\nNon-Veg Meal");
nonVegMeal.showItems();
System.out.println("Total Cost: " +nonVegMeal.getCost());
}
}