关于内存泄露

  1.   "只要分配了内存没有释放,就会导致内存泄漏"   --   这是我以前的理解,   是片面的.   

分配了的内存,如果它的指针没有丢失,就不算是泄漏.   一般说来,为static指针变量或全局的指针变量(它们的生存期是全局的)进行内存分配,如果没有释放它,虽然这也是"not-freed   blocks",但是它是"reachable"的.现代的OS会得到这些指针并去释放它.   

  下面是两个例子:   
    
  1)   使用全局指针或静态指针:   
  int   main()   
  {   
          static   int   *pi;     //   use   static   pointer:   not   a   real   memory   leak!!!   
          pi   =   new   int;   
          return   0;   
  }   
    
  使用valgrind检查:     
  valgrind   --leak-check=yes   --show-reachable=yes   -q   ./memtest   
    
  ==13764==   searching   for   pointers   to   1   not-freed   blocks.   
  ==13764==   checked   4488448   bytes.   
  ==13764==   
  ==13764==   4   bytes   in   1   blocks   are   still   reachable   in   loss   record   1   of   1   
  ==13764==         at   0xB74D27AB:   __builtin_new   (vg_replace_malloc.c:172)   
  ==13764==         by   0xB74D2802:   operator   new(unsigned)   (vg_replace_malloc.c:185)   
  ==13764==         by   0x8048491:   main   (in   /home/prog/valgrind/memtest)   
  ==13764==         by   0xB71C4BA6:   __libc_start_main   (in   /lib/libc-2.3.2.so)   
  ==13764==   
  ==13764==   LEAK   SUMMARY:   
  ==13764==         definitely   lost:   0   bytes   in   0   blocks.   
  ==13764==         possibly   lost:       0   bytes   in   0   blocks.   
  ==13764==         still   reachable:   4   bytes   in   1   blocks.   
  ==13764==                   suppressed:   0   bytes   in   0   blocks.   
  ==13764==   
  报告说有一个"not-freed   block",但这个block是reachable的,所以它不算是真正的memory   leak.   
    
  2)   如果使用的是局部指针:   
  int   main()   
  {   
          int   *pi;     //   use   local   pointer:   real   memory   leak!!!   
          pi   =   new   int[100];   
          return   0;   
  }   
    
    
  ==13782==   searching   for   pointers   to   1   not-freed   blocks.   
  ==13782==   checked   4484352   bytes.   
  ==13782==   
  ==13782==   4   bytes   in   1   blocks   are   definitely   lost   in   loss   record   1   of   1   
  ==13782==         at   0xB74D27AB:   __builtin_new   (vg_replace_malloc.c:172)   
  ==13782==         by   0xB74D2802:   operator   new(unsigned)   (vg_replace_malloc.c:185)   
  ==13782==         by   0x8048491:   main   (in   /home/prog/valgrind/memtest)   
  ==13782==         by   0xB71C4BA6:   __libc_start_main   (in   /lib/libc-2.3.2.so)   
  ==13782==   
  ==13782==   LEAK   SUMMARY:   
  ==13782==         definitely   lost:   4   bytes   in   1   blocks.   
  ==13782==         possibly   lost:       0   bytes   in   0   blocks.   
  ==13782==         still   reachable:   0   bytes   in   0   blocks.   
  ==13782==                   suppressed:   0   bytes   in   0   blocks.   
  ==13782==   

  报告说是"definitely   lost",这才是真正的memory   leak!   

切记：静态变量只能由静态函数访问。