AOP:面向切面编程,相对于OOP面向对象编程
Spring中的AOP的存在目的是为了解耦。AOP可以让一组类共享相同的行为。在OOP中只能通过继承类和实现接口,来使代码的耦合度增强,且类继承只能为单继承,阻碍更多行为添加到一组类上,AOP弥补了OOP的不足。
Spring支持AspectJ的注解式切面编程。
(1)使用@AspectJ声明一个切面
(2)使用@After、@Before、@Around定义建言(advice),可直接将拦截规则(切点)作为参数。
(3)其中@After、@Before、@Around参数的拦截规则为切点(PointCut),为了使切点复用,可使用@PointCut专门定义拦截规则,然后在@After、@Before、@Around的参数中调用。
(4)其中符合条件的每一个被拦截处为连接点(JoinPoint)。
示例代码:
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.minivision.caixing.learn</groupId>
<artifactId>caixing_learn</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
<version>1.8.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.8.5</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
FunctionService.java
package com.minivison.caixing.learn;
import com.minivison.caixing.learn.aop.Action;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* <Description> <br>
*
* @author caixing<br>
* @version 1.0<br>
* @taskId <br>
* @CreateDate 2018年04月12日 <br>
*/
@Service
public class FunctionService {
@Action(name="该注解被调用")
public String sayHello(String word){
return "hello "+word+"!";
}
}
UseFunctionService.java
package com.minivison.caixing.learn;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* <Description> <br>
*
* @author caixing<br>
* @version 1.0<br>
* @taskId <br>
* @CreateDate 2018年04月12日 <br>
*/
@Service
public class UseFunctionService {
@Autowired
private FunctionService service;
public String SayHello(String word){
return service.sayHello(word);
}
}
Config.java
package com.minivison.caixing.learn;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy;
/**
* <Description> <br>
*
* @author caixing<br>
* @version 1.0<br>
* @taskId <br>
* @CreateDate 2018年04月12日 <br>
*/
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.minivison.caixing.learn","com.minivison.caixing.learn.aop"})
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy
public class Config {
}
Action.java
package com.minivison.caixing.learn.aop;
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
/**
* <Description> <br>
*
* @author caixing<br>
* @version 1.0<br>
* @taskId <br>
* @CreateDate 2018年04月16日 <br>
*/
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Action {
String name();
}
LogAspect.java
package com.minivison.caixing.learn.aop;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
/**
* <Description> <br>
*
* @author caixing<br>
* @version 1.0<br>
* @taskId <br>
* @CreateDate 2018年04月16日 <br>
*/
@Aspect
@Component
public class LogAspect {
@Pointcut("@annotation(com.minivison.caixing.learn.aop.Action)")
public void annotationPointCut(){};
@After("annotationPointCut()")
public void after(JoinPoint joinPoint){
MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature)joinPoint.getSignature();
Method method = signature.getMethod();
Action action = method.getAnnotation(Action.class);
System.out.println(action.name());
}
@Before("execution(* com.minivison.caixing.learn.UseFunctionService.*(..))")
public void before(JoinPoint joinPoint){
MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature)joinPoint.getSignature();
Method method = signature.getMethod();
System.out.println("调用之前:"+method.getName());
}
}
Main.java
package com.minivison.caixing.learn;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
/**
* <Description> <br>
*
* @author caixing<br>
* @version 1.0<br>
* @taskId <br>
* @CreateDate 2018年04月12日 <br>
*/
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args){
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Config.class);
UseFunctionService service = context.getBean(UseFunctionService.class);
System.out.println(service.SayHello("spring"));
}
}