英文写作中常用的转折，并列词组

一 文章段落起始

to begin with 首先

eg: To begin with，smoking should be banned in public areas.

chinese: 首先，在公共场合因该禁烟。

first of all 第一，首先

eg: First of all，many people in remote areas still live in poverty.

chinese: 第一，在偏远地区许多人还生活在贫困中。

in the first place 首先

eg: In the first place，she can read at the rate of 100 words a minute.

chinese: 首先，他能够每分钟阅读100字。

generally speaking 总体上讲

eg: Generally speaking，the more you practice，the more skillfully you can write in English.

chinese: 总体上讲，练习地越多，你用英文写作就越熟练。

相反：In contrast；on the contrary；

总而言之：as far as I am concerned；in a word。

二 文章段落结尾

therefore，thus 因此

eg: Taking exercise helps us build up our body and keep a clear mind. Therefore，we can work more efficiently.

chinese: 锻炼可以帮助我们增强体质及保持清醒的头脑。因此，我们能够更有效地工作。

in conclusion 总之，最后

eg: In conclusion，people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage，protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically.

chinese: 最后，全世界人民都应该意识到水资源短缺的现状，保护现有水资源并科学地开发潜在资源。

in brief 简言之

eg: In brief，birth control is of vital importance in china.

chinese: 简言之，计划生育对中国来说是十分重要的。

to sum up 总而言之

eg: To sum up，out of sight，out of mind.

chinese: 总而言之，眼不见，心不烦。

in a word  总之

eg: In a word，to read the original work is better than to see the film adapted from it.

chinese: 总之读原著胜过看基于它改编的电影。

as far as I am concerned 就我而言

eg: As far as I am concerned，I believe that it is a wise choice.

chinese: 就我而言，我坚信那是一个明智的选择。

三 表现后顺序

first 第一；second 第二；next 其次，然后；eventually 最后，最终；since then自此以后；afterward以后，随后；Meanwhile于此同时，另外；immediately立刻；finally最后，最终

四 表因果关系

accordingly于是；for this reason由于这个原因；as a result of 作为.....结果；in this way这样；consequently结果，因此；

due to 由于......；therefore 因此；because of 因为；thus 因为；thanks to由于，owing to 由于，hence 因此

五 表示比较和对比 

in contrast with 和......称对照；similarly同样；whereas然而；on the contrary 相反；different from 与......不同；likewise同样；

equally important 同样重要； on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面；however 然而。

eg: On the one hand，tonics will make us put on weight，which does harm to our health，but on the other hand，they can help refresh us.

一方面，补品会使我们变胖，这对我们健康不利。但另一方面，补品又能使我们有精神。

六 表示举例

for example 举例；namely that is 即，也就是说；for instance 举例；a case in point 恰当的例子

eg: A case in point is the water control project along the Yangtze River。

chinese: 一个恰当的例子就是长江沿线的水控项目。

七 描述图片(表)

As is shown in the picture；form/in the above picture/table/chart/graph 根据上图(表)所示

eg：From the above chart，it can be seen that changes do occur is society.

chinese: 从上面的图表来看社会确实发生了变化。

八 表强调

furthermore此外；moreover而且；besides此外；in fact 实际上；also 而且，也；indeed 的确；again 另外，还；

in particular 尤其，特别；naturally 当然，自然，必然。

eg：Naturally，he denied that he had committed the crime.

chinese: 他必然不承认自己犯罪了。