新人求助 大佬们 为什么我抄的这段代码损失函数一直是一个值不会下降，预测效果也极差

读取准备好的数据，分为训练集与测试集 

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn import preprocessing
import torch
import torch.optim as Opt
import warnings
from sklearn import metrics
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")

# 从excel文件中读取数据，读取后数据形式为Dataframe
data0 = pd.read_excel("D:\\Machine Learning\\ML_train\\2000.xls", 0)
data0 = data0.iloc[:, :]  # 将指针读取

# 数据归一化 适用Relu和sigmoid，sk对dataframe操作
min_max_scaler = preprocessing.MinMaxScaler()
data1 = min_max_scaler.fit_transform(data0)
  # 预处理后数据变为ndarray格式
all_data_one = pd.DataFrame(data1, columns=data0.columns)
x = all_data_one.iloc[:, :-1]
y = all_data_one.iloc[:, -1]

# 划分训练集与测试集
cut = 300  # 取最后cut行数据为测试集
# DataFrame切片操作
x_train, x_test = x.iloc[:-cut], x.iloc[-cut:]
y_train, y_test = y.iloc[:-cut], y.iloc[-cut:]
# DataFrame格式转换为ndarray用.values
x_train, x_test = x_train.values, x_test.values
y_train, y_test = y_train.values, y_test.values

# ndarray格式转换为Tensor 或 torch.from_numpy()
x_train = torch.tensor(x_train, dtype=torch.float, requires_grad=True)
x_test = torch.tensor(x_test, dtype=torch.float)
y_train = torch.tensor(y_train, dtype=torch.float, requires_grad=True)
y_test = torch.tensor(y_test, dtype=torch.float)

构建网络模型

# 构建网络模型
Epochs = 60000
"""
辅助设计：
structure = [3, 5, 1]
def Layer_setting(structure):
    for layer_set in range(len(structure)-2):
        print(f"torch.nn.Linear({structure[layer_set]}, {structure[layer_set+1]}),")
        print("torch.nn.Sigmoid()")
    print(f"torch.nn.Linear({structure[-2]}, {structure[-1]})")
"""
class nn_model(torch.nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(nn_model, self).__init__()
        self.model = torch.nn.Sequential(
            torch.nn.Linear(3, 12),
            torch.nn.Sigmoid(),
            torch.nn.Linear(12, 8),
            torch.nn.Sigmoid(),
            torch.nn.Linear(8, 4),
            torch.nn.Sigmoid(),
            torch.nn.Linear(4, 1),
        )

    def forward(self,x):
        x = self.model(x)
        return x


nn_m = nn_model()
cost = torch.nn.MSELoss(reduction='mean')
optimizer = Opt.Adam(nn_model().parameters(), lr=0.2)

模型训练

# 训练网络
losses = []
for epoch in range(Epochs+1):
    optimizer.zero_grad()
    training_prediction = nn_m(x_train)
    loss = cost(training_prediction, y_train)
    losses.append(loss.data.numpy())  # .numpy将tensor转换为ndarray
    loss.backward()
    optimizer.step()
    if epoch % 1000 == 0:
        print(f"epoch{epoch},the loss is {loss}.")

 验证学习效果

# 验证学习效果
test_pre = nn_m(x_test)
test_pre = test_pre.detach().numpy()
y_test = y_test.detach().numpy()

绘图对比

# 绘图对比
draw = pd.concat([pd.DataFrame(y_test), pd.DataFrame(test_pre)], axis=1)  # axis为0时逐列 为1时逐行 concat对象为DataFrame
draw.iloc[:, 0].plot(figsize=(12, 6))
draw.iloc[:, 1].plot(figsize=(12, 6))
plt.legend(('real', 'predict'), loc='upper right', fontsize='15')
plt.title("Predicting Outcomes", fontsize='30')
plt.show()
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))
plt.plot(range(len(losses)), losses)
plt.title("Trend of Losses")
plt.xlabel("epoch")
plt.ylabel("loss function")
plt.xlim([0, len(losses)])
plt.show()
print("R2 = ", metrics.r2_score(y_test, test_pre))

 这损失完全不带变的

求大佬帮忙看看