现更新地址:http://www.yiyehu.tech/archives/2019/05/23/python-object-oriented-1
####两种不同的定义类的方法(历史遗留问题)
class OldClass:
def _init_(self,name)
self.name = name
class NewClass(object):
def _init_(self,name)
self.name = name
if __name__ == '__main__':
old = OldClass('oldName')
print(old)
print(type(old))
print(dir(old))
new = NewClass('newName')
print(new)
print(type(new))
print(dir(new))
以前的版本中,如果没有(object),则类的类型被视作 instance,定义时有(object)则被视作object
Python3及以后版本这两种定义方式没有区别,都是object,结果是(Python3.6的环境)
<__main__.OldClass object at 0x000002D4047986D8>
<class '__main__.OldClass'>
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'name']
<__main__.NewClass object at 0x000002D4047987F0>
<class '__main__.NewClass'>
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'name']
###定义类的属性和类的方法(Python没有访问控制)
# People类有四个属性name、_sex、__address和__age
# 其中name、_sex、__address在类中直接定义,__age是在构造函数中__init__定义的
# 由于Python的提别,前面有两道下划线的属性和方法都会被当做“_类名__属性名”,
# 例如:__address和__age变为_People__address和_People__age
# People类有三个方法 wlak、_jump、__heihei,其中由于上述所述原因调用__heihei是可以用_People__heihei()
class People:
name="小明同学"
_sex="男"
__address="heihei之地"
def __init__(self,age):
self.__age = age
def walk(self):
print("I can walk")
def _jump(self):
print("I can jump")
def __heihei(self):
print("I can heihei")
people = People(12)
print(dir(people))