小甲鱼C++ 28 多继承笔记

一、多继承

①基本概念

>>> 多继承（multiple inheritance） 可能是面向对象编程技术中最惹人争议的功能了。

>>> 这个概念咋看起来很简单，但它可能引起一些难以预料的后果。

>>> 因此，JAVA和C#等面向对应编程语言大都至支持多继承的最简单的版本。

 

单继承：小甲鱼有一个儿子，小甲鱼百年以后，儿子直接继承

多继承：小甲鱼有个一干女儿，但是这个干女儿有很多个干爹，这样整个干女儿会有很多个继承，导致多继承

 

②什么时候需要用到多继承

》》》只要你遇到的问题无法只用一个“是一个”关系来描述的时候，就是多继承出场的时候。

------举个栗子：在学校里有老师和学生‘他们都是人’（Person‘），我们可以用“老师是人”和“学生是人”语法来描述这种情况。

------从面向对象编程角度上来看，我们应该创建一个名为Person的基类和两个名为Teacher和Student的子类，后两者是从前者继承的。

问题来了：有一部分学生还教课挣钱（助教），该怎么办？酱紫就存在了既是老师又是学生的复杂关系，也就是同时存在这两个“是一个”的关系。

------我们需要写一个TeschingStudent类让它同时继承Teacher类和Student类，换句话说“就是需要使用多继承”。

③如下代码示例：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class Person
{
	public:
		Person(std::string theName);
		void introduce();

	protected:
		std::string name;
};

class Teacher : public Person
{
	public:
		Teacher(std::string theName,std::string theClass);

		void teach();
		void introduce();

	protected:
		std::string classes;	
};

class Student : public Person
{

	public:
		Student(std::string theName,std::string theClass);

		void attendClass();
		void introduce();

	protected:
		std::string classes;
};

class TeachingStudent : public Student,public Teacher
{
	public:
		TeachingStudent(std::string theName,std::string ClassTeaching,std::string ClassAttending);

		void introduce();	
};

Person::Person(std :: string theName)
{
	name = theName;
}

void Person::introduce()
{
	std::cout<<"hello everyone my name is "<< name << "\n";
}

Teacher::Teacher(std::string theName,std::string theClass) : Person(theName)
{
	classes = theClass;
}

void Teacher::teach()
{
	std::cout<< name << "teach" << classes <<"\n";
}

void Teacher::introduce()
{
	std::cout<<"hello everyone my name is "<< name << "teach" << classes << "\n";
}

Student::Student(std::string theName,std::string theClass) : Person(theName)
{
	classes = theClass;
}

void Student::attendClass()
{
	std::cout<< name << "attend" << classes <<"\n";
}

void Student::introduce()
{
	std::cout<<"hello everyone my name is "<< name << "study" << classes << "\n";
}

TeachingStudent::TeachingStudent(std::string theName,std::string ClassTeaching,std::string ClassAttending):Teacher(theName,ClassTeaching),Student(theName,ClassAttending)
{
	
}

void TeachingStudent::introduce()
{
	std::cout<< Student::name << "teach" << Teacher::classes <<"\n";
	std::cout<<"at the same time I am study "<<Student:: classes << "\n";
}

int main()
{
	Teacher teacher("tom","c++first");
	Student student("jery","c++first");
	TeachingStudent teachingstudent("three","c++first","c++second");

	teacher.introduce();
	teacher.teach();
	
	student.introduce();
	student.attendClass();

	teachingstudent.introduce();
	teachingstudent.teach();
	teachingstudent.attendClass();
	

	return 0;
}