调用摄像头和相册

调用摄像头和相册

1. 具体代码

   package com.example.cameraalbumtest;
   
   import android.Manifest;
   import android.annotation.TargetApi;
   import android.content.ContentUris;
   import android.content.Intent;
   import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
   import android.database.Cursor;
   import android.graphics.Bitmap;
   import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
   import android.net.Uri;
   import android.os.Build;
   import android.os.Bundle;
   import android.os.Environment;
   import android.provider.DocumentsContract;
   import android.provider.MediaStore;
   import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
   import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
   import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
   import android.support.v4.content.FileProvider;
   import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
   import android.util.Log;
   import android.view.View;
   import android.widget.Button;
   import android.widget.ImageView;
   import android.widget.Toast;
   
   import java.io.File;
   import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
   import java.io.IOException;
   
   public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
      public static final int TAKE_PHOTO = 1;
   
      public static final int CHOOSE_PHOTO = 2;
   
      private ImageView picture;
   
      private Uri imageUri;
   
      @Override
      protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
          super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
          setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
          Button takePhoto = (Button) findViewById(R.id.take_photo);
          Button chooseFromAlbum = (Button) findViewById(R.id.choose_from_album);
          picture = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.picture);
          takePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
              @Override
              public void onClick(View v) {
                  // 创建File对象，用于存储拍照后的图片
                  File outputImage = new File(getExternalCacheDir(), "output_image.jpg");
                  try {
                      if (outputImage.exists()) {
                          outputImage.delete();
                      }
                      outputImage.createNewFile();
                  } catch (IOException e) {
                      e.printStackTrace();
                  }
                  if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 24) {
                      imageUri = Uri.fromFile(outputImage);
                  } else {
                      imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(MainActivity.this, "com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider", outputImage);
                  }
                  // 启动相机程序
                  Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
                  intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
                  startActivityForResult(intent, TAKE_PHOTO);
              }
          });
          chooseFromAlbum.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
              @Override
              public void onClick(View v) {
                  if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                      ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{ Manifest.permission. WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE }, 1);
                  } else {
                      openAlbum();
                  }
              }
          });
      }
   
      private void openAlbum() {
          Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
          intent.setType("image/*");
          startActivityForResult(intent, CHOOSE_PHOTO); // 打开相册
      }
   
      @Override
      public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
          switch (requestCode) {
              case 1:
                  if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                      openAlbum();
                  } else {
                      Toast.makeText(this, "You denied the permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                  }
                  break;
              default:
          }
      }
   
      @Override
      protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
          switch (requestCode) {
              case TAKE_PHOTO:
                  if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                      try {
                          // 将拍摄的照片显示出来
                          Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
                          picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                      } catch (Exception e) {
                          e.printStackTrace();
                      }
                  }
                  break;
              case CHOOSE_PHOTO:
                  if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                      // 判断手机系统版本号
                      if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
                          // 4.4及以上系统使用这个方法处理图片
                          handleImageOnKitKat(data);
                      } else {
                          // 4.4以下系统使用这个方法处理图片
                          handleImageBeforeKitKat(data);
                      }
                  }
                  break;
              default:
                  break;
          }
      }
      //重点 uri类型判断和处理
      @TargetApi(19)
      private void handleImageOnKitKat(Intent data) {
          String imagePath = null;
          Uri uri = data.getData();
          Log.d("TAG", "handleImageOnKitKat: uri is " + uri);
          if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this, uri)) {
              // 如果是document类型的Uri，则通过document id处理
              String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
              if("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
                  String id = docId.split(":")[1]; // 解析出数字格式的id
                  String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=" + id;
                  imagePath = getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, selection);
              } else if ("com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
                  Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(docId));
                  imagePath = getImagePath(contentUri, null);
              }
          } else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
              // 如果是content类型的Uri，则使用普通方式处理
              imagePath = getImagePath(uri, null);
          } else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
              // 如果是file类型的Uri，直接获取图片路径即可
              imagePath = uri.getPath();
          }
          displayImage(imagePath); // 根据图片路径显示图片
      }
   
      private void handleImageBeforeKitKat(Intent data) {
          Uri uri = data.getData();
          String imagePath = getImagePath(uri, null);
          displayImage(imagePath);
      }
   
      private String getImagePath(Uri uri, String selection) {
          String path = null;
          // 通过Uri和selection来获取真实的图片路径
          Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, selection, null, null);
          if (cursor != null) {
              if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                  path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
              }
              cursor.close();
          }
          return path;
      }
   
      private void displayImage(String imagePath) {
          if (imagePath != null) {
              Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath);
              picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
          } else {
              Toast.makeText(this, "failed to get image", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
          }
      }
   
   }
   

2. getExternalCacheDir

   此地址获取的路径是 sdcard/android/data/包名/cache

   此路径可绕过6.0权限,本应用的缓存目录

3. 7.0兼容

   7.0开始本地真实路径Uri,会被认为是不安全的会抛出异常,需要通过FileProvider对数据进行保护

   AndroidManifest.xml

   <provider
      android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
      android:authorities="com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider"
      android:exported="false"
      android:grantUriPermissions="true">
      <meta-data
          android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
          android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
   </provider>

   res/xml/file_paths.xml

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
   <paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
      <external-path name="my_images" path="" />
   </paths>

4. ​

5. ​